Goronian lawmaker: Goronia's Cheese Importation Board, the agency responsible for inspecting all wholesale shipments of cheese entering Goronia from abroad and rejecting shipments that fail to meet specified standards, rejects about one percent of the cheese that it inspects. Since the health consequences and associated costs of not rejecting that one percent would be negligible, whereas the cost of maintaining the agency is not, the agency's cost clearly outweighs the benefits it provides.

Knowing the answer to which of the following would be most useful in evaluating the lawmaker's argument?


Are any of the types of cheeses that are imported into Goronia also produced in Goronia?

Has the Cheese Importation Board, over the last several years, reduced its operating costs by eliminating inefficiencies within the agency itself?

Does the possibility of having merchandise rejected by the Cheese Importation Board deter many cheese exporters from shipping substandard cheese to Goronia?

Are there any exporters of cheese to Goronia whose merchandise is never rejected by the Cheese Importation Board?

How is the cheese rejected by the Cheese Importation Board disposed of?

考题讲解

情景:Goronia's Cheese Importation Board真是没用啊,自己的成本不能忽略,但是可见的收益却可以忽略。

推理:

前提:不拒绝1%的奶酪所带来的健康结果和成本都可以忽略,但是维持Goronia's CheeseImportation Board这个机构的成本是不可以忽略的
结论:Goronia's Cheese Importation Board这个机构的成本大于收益


答案预估:

那些“Goronia'sCheese Importation Board这个机构的成本大于收益”的其它必要条件是否存在。

选项分析:

A选项:有没有一些G国进口的奶酪种类G国自己也能生产?本选项描述了G国进口奶酪的特点,没有讨论CIB的利弊,不能反驳结论。

B选项:近些年,CIB有没有通过减少无效率的部门来减少自己的运营费?无论CIB有没有减少运营费,由于收益为零,只要它会有运营成本,原文结论就可以成立。

C选项: Correct. CIB可能的拒绝进口(进口监管)会不会威慑到一些准备进口到G国的低质量奶酪?如果Goronia's Cheese Importation Board这个机构的成本大于收益,那么它就一定不会有“能威慑到低档次奶酪进口”这一潜在收益,否则就有可能利大于弊了。因此,本选项是结论的另一个必然结果。

D选项:
有没有一些进口商是CIB从来没有拒绝入境过的?就算没有这样的进口商,也丝毫不能证明CIB存在的价值,因为它拒绝掉的1%对于G国人民本无帮助,所以CIB依然是弊大于利。

E选项:
CIB拒绝入境的奶酪会被它如何处理?不论CIB怎么处理这些奶酪都和CIB是否有价值无关,可以排除。

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Prep2008E2-CR

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