For over a decade the most common policy advice given to developing countries by international development institutions has been to copy the export-oriented path of the newly industrializing countries, the celebrated NICs. These economies-Brazil, Hong Kong, Mexico, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan-burst into the world manufacturing market in the late 1960s and the 1970s; by 1978 these six economies, along with India, enjoyed unequaled growth rates for gross national product and for exports, with exports accounting for 70 percent of the developing world's manufactured exports. It was, therefore, not surprising that dozens of other countries attempted to follow their model, yet no countries-with the possible exceptions of Malaysia and Thailand-have even approached their success. In "No More NICs," Robin Broad and John Cavanagh search for the reasons behind these failures, identifying far-reaching changes in the global economy-from synthetic substitutes for commodity exports to unsustainable levels of foreign debt-as responsible for a glut economy offering little room for new entrants. Despite these changes, the authors maintain, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund-the foremost international development institutions-have continued to promote the NIC path as the way for heavily indebted developing countries to proceed. And yet the futility of this approach should, according to the authors, be all too apparent so many years into a period of reduced growth in world markets.


The author of the passage most clearly implies that Broad and Cavanagh disagree with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund about which of the following?


The ways in which the global economy has changed in recent years

The causes of the unsustainable levels of foreign debt that the developing countries have incurred in recent years

The level of foreign debt that should be maintained by developing countries

The degree to which international development institutions should monitor the growth of developing countries

The degree to which heavily indebted developing countries should emphasize exports in their overall economic strategy

考题讲解

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答案是 E。

作者的这篇材料意思是,Broad和Cavanagh与世界银行和国际货币基金组织关于发展中国家应该强调出口在其整体经济战略中的程度上有分歧。文章指出,尽管全球经济发生了变化,但是这些国际发展机构仍在推动发展中国家采用NICs模式。Broad和Cavanagh则认为,世界市场减少增长期间,这种做法显然是徒劳的。因此,答案选择E。

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Prep2008E2-RC