For over a decade the most common policy advice given to developing countries by international development institutions has been to copy the export-oriented path of the newly industrializing countries, the celebrated NICs. These economies-Brazil, Hong Kong, Mexico, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan-burst into the world manufacturing market in the late 1960s and the 1970s; by 1978 these six economies, along with India, enjoyed unequaled growth rates for gross national product and for exports, with exports accounting for 70 percent of the developing world's manufactured exports. It was, therefore, not surprising that dozens of other countries attempted to follow their model, yet no countries-with the possible exceptions of Malaysia and Thailand-have even approached their success. In "No More NICs," Robin Broad and John Cavanagh search for the reasons behind these failures, identifying far-reaching changes in the global economy-from synthetic substitutes for commodity exports to unsustainable levels of foreign debt-as responsible for a glut economy offering little room for new entrants. Despite these changes, the authors maintain, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund-the foremost international development institutions-have continued to promote the NIC path as the way for heavily indebted developing countries to proceed. And yet the futility of this approach should, according to the authors, be all too apparent so many years into a period of reduced growth in world markets.
The author mentions Malaysia and Thailand in order to
acknowledge the appearance of implausibility in a broad claim
concede the possible existence of counterexamples to a generalization
offer additional evidence in support of a disputed conclusion
illustrate the broad applicability of a hypothesis
admit the limited scope of a standard analysis
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正确答案是 B。作者提及马来西亚和泰国是为了承认一般性的陈述可能存在反例。由文章中的内容可以知道,尽管有很多国家试图模仿 NICs 的出口导向模式,但除了马来西亚和泰国之外,没有其他国家能够达到他们的成功水平。因此,作者提及马来西亚和泰国是承认一般性的陈述可能存在反例。
concede vt. 承认;退让;给予,容许 counterexamples n. 反例 首先要清楚with the possible exceptions of Malaysia and Thailand是讲M和T是成功的===虽然大多数国家都没有成功,全文对NIC持的是否定态度,提到M和T是特例,1是可以体现文章的公正性,2是可以证明靠NIC这个方法成功并不是普遍的
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