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题库 / Prep2008E2-SC-158
Sales of wines declined in the late 1980s, but they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption of alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk of heart disease.
they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption of alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk of heart disease
after the 1991 report that linked a reduced risk of heart disease with a moderate alcohol consumption, particularly red wine, they began growing again
in a 1991 report, moderate alcohol consumption, and particularly of red wine, which was linked with a reduced risk of heart disease, caused them to begin to grow again
with a reduced risk of heart disease linked in a 1991 report with moderate alcohol consumption, in particular red wine, they began growing again
a reduced risk of heart disease linked to moderate alcohol consumption in a 1991 report, and in particular red wine, started them growing again
题目分析：
本题较长，但是考点相对明显，不算是很难的考题。
选项分析：
A选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。代词they指代sales of wines，and particularly of red wine中去掉and也是对的（and可放在插入语前，不影响逻辑）。
B选项：ing短语growing again需改为不定式短语to grow again，这点考查了不定式和ing的区别，本题中的begin属于约束力较强的情况。在习语上，begin to do和begin doing都是常见的，并且经常被认为相等。但其实，两者有明显的使用区别。begin doing一般是从第三方的角度描述doing这一事件，并不强调这件事的始发时间点，例如：
In 1990, Jack began playing the guitar.
该例句表明，杰克在1990年开始了弹吉他，不强调究竟是在1990年的哪个时间点开始弹的，只是一种客观的描述。又例如：
After scoring 760 in GMAT, Jack began to applicate his dream school.
该例句表明，在考了760分后，杰克开始申请他最想去的学校了，强调了在某个时间点后，杰克开始做申请这件事。
用之于本题，显然“酒的销量上升”是在“1991年的报告”这个时间点后发生的一个事件，因此应该用begin to do。GMAT考试非常习惯考查这些甚至连美国人都不太清楚的“语法”，毕竟，这是一个曾经只设计给美国本土人的考试。
另外，particularly red wine是同位语，应和a moderate alcohol同等地位，最理想的情况是安放在alcohol身后，而不是放在consumption身后（当然，这不算是绝对错误）
C选项：提取本选项的主干则有：moderate alcohol consumption caused them to begin to grow again.
在逻辑上，不能是moderate alcohol consumption引起销量上升，应该是1991年的报告引起销量的上升。
D选项：本选项错误同选项(B)。with a reduced risk of heart disease linked in a 1991 report with moderate alcohol consumption是独立主格结构，没有问题。
E选项：提取本选项的主干则有：a reduced risk of heart disease started them to begin growing again.
start主语错误同理于选项(C)。
另外，ing短语growing again需改为不定式短语to grow again错误同选项(B)。
题目释义： Sales declined in the late 1980s, but they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked A, …,with B.
考点：
代词指代（reference）、平行结构（parallelism）、逻辑意思（Logical predication）
1. link…with/to…固定搭配
2. 代词若离其所指代对象太远，则会造成指代不清的情况。
【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but 【they】began to grow again after the 1991 report [that linked moderate consumption of alcohol（, and particularly of red wine, ）with a reduced risk of heart disease]
葡萄酒的【销量】在 1980 年代后期有所下降，但【销量】又开始增长，在 1991 年的报告将适度饮酒(，尤其是红酒）与降低患心脏病的风险联系起来后
A. （√）
They是完全指代，指代sales of wines； and particularly of red wine中去掉and也是对的(and可放在插入语前，不影响逻辑)；
begin to do或begin doing都正确；
in particular在本题不如particularly有效，因为介词太多句式会复杂。
错误选项分析：
B.【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but after the 1991 report that linked a reduced risk of heart disease with a moderate alcohol consumption, particularly red wine（少了consumption）,【they 代词太远】 began growing again （×）
red wine与alcohol consumption概念不同，不能同位修饰，应该在red wine后面也补上consumption；
they 离其所指代的sales太远，使得句子理解起来不清晰， awkward；
link A with B， A和B谁在前并不要紧。
C.【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but in a 1991 report, moderate alcohol consumption, and particularly of red wine, 【which 指代错误】 was linked with a reduced risk of heart disease, caused them to begin to grow again （×）
in a 1991 report修饰but后整句，使句意荒谬：在报告里，酒的销量开始上升；
which指代的是red wine，错误(which通常就近指代)；
particularly of red wine与moderate alcohol consumption不平行，后者应改为moderate consumption of alcohol；
cause的主语是consumption，逻辑意思很荒谬，正确的主语应该是report。
D. 【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but with a reduced risk of heart disease linked in a 1991 report with moderate alcohol consumption, in particular （少了of）red wine, 【they 代词太远】 began growing again （×）
red wine不能同位修饰alcohol consumption，要在red wine前面加上of；
they began growing中的they离其指代对象sales过远。
E. 【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but a reduced 【risk 主语错误】of heart disease linked to moderate alcohol consumption in a 1991 report, and in particular red wine, started 【them指代不清】them growing again （×）
in a 1991 report有修饰moderate alcohol consumption的歧义，好像consumption是发生在report里，还是A 的表达最为明确；
in particular red wine无法修饰alcohol consumption，概念不同；
start的主语是risk错误；start them中的them指代不清。
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