扫描二维码，直接登录
题库 / Prep2008E2-SC-196
Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.
as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established
as a method of the extraction of minerals well established
was a well-established method of mineral extraction
was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was
had been a method of mineral extraction, well established
请看讲解视频
"essential vs. nonessential modifier".
NOTE: i've never seen this issue directly tested, so it's not important for you to be able to distinguish between the two -- the only thing that's important is for you to realize that both are ok, under certain circumstances
an "essential" modifier (which is NOT set off by commas) is a modifier that actually narrows or specifies the noun/action to which it's attached.
for instance:
our top student whose score fell below 50 received a consolation prize.
--> this doesn't refer to the top student among all of our students; this only refers to the top student among those whose scores fell below 50 points. therefore, we need the essential modifier (no commas) to narrow "our students" to "students whose score fell below 50".
a "nonessential" modifier (which IS set off by commas) is a modifier that does not narrow or specify the nouns/action to any greater degree than does the rest of the sentence; it merely provides more information about that noun/action.
for instance:
our top student, whose score fell below 50, received a consolation prize.
--> here, we are actually talking about our top student. the meaning of the sentence is that all of our students' scores were below 50, but at least our top student received a consolation prize.
for instance:
the library has a new method of sorting cd's that makes certain genres of music easier to find. --> here, "that makes..." refers to the method of sorting.
the library has a new method of sorting cd's that don't fit into any of the traditional musical genres. --> here, "that don't fit..." refers to the cd's, not the method.
both sentences are correct.
however, in the example above, either of these two interpretations leads to an absurd sentence -- neither the method (= NOUN1) nor the mineral (= NOUN2) "was as early as the 18th century" -- so this option is flat-out incorrect.
if the past perfect is used to describe a state or description of something (as opposed to an action verb), it should generally be used to describe a state/description that is no longer the case. since leaching is presumably still an extraction method (this is not the sort of thing that is subject to change), the past perfect is inappropriate.
also, the modifier (starting with "well established") shouldn't be a nonessential modifier, i.e., it shouldn't be set off by commas.
2.动词时态，没有必要用过去完成，E错。
3.修饰词的位置，well-established应该修饰的是Method,ABE错
4.简洁，D不如C简洁。
B 缺少谓语动词
C 正确
D that was无论是指代method还是mineral都使得后面的as early as变成从句的成分，那就变成了method（或者mineral）was as early as the eighteenth century，显然说不通。
E 时态不对，过去完成时表示leaching是过去的办法，现在不用了，但句中并没有表述这种意思
误区：句中确实有完成时标志词until，但是这个是but后面的分句，与前面的句子直接加until还不一样；这里确实出现了过去时间点25年前，前面的句子也确实在25年前之前，但是这个没用过完，因为过去完成时表示leaching是过去的办法，现在不用了，但句中并没有表述这种意识；也就是but后面的句子无关leaching这个主语，基本是无关内容。如果but后面说这个方法leaching 25年前不用了，就不一样。
a well-established method > a method of mineral extraction, well established
E，过去完成时需要有过去的时间或动作做支撑，这里有did not；过去完成时表示一种状态时，通常表示以前时，而后来不再是的情况，这里没有说leaching现在不再是好的方法了，而是在说直到25前人们才发现leaching有效是因为细菌参与了这个过程。
考察：
过去时态
误区：句中确实有完成时标志词until，但是这个是but后面的分句，与前面的句子直接加until还不一样；这里确实出现了过去时间点25年前，前面的句子也确实在25年前之前，但是这个没用过完，因为过去完成时表示leaching是过去的办法，现在不用了，但句中并没有表述这种意识；也就是but后面的句子无关leaching这个主语，基本是无关内容。如果but后面说这个方法leaching 25年前不用了，就不一样。
a well-established method > a method of mineral extraction, well established
②第一遍的时候错选了E...以为自己考虑到了时态问题...其实就是没有读清楚题目含义啊！！！（真要命）
③recovery ：~ (of sth/sb) 找回 重新获得 the recovery of the missing diamonds 丢失钻石的寻回
~ (from sth) 恢复正常状态 make a quick, speedy, good, slow, etc recovery (from illness)
D: as early as the eighteenth century 作为一个定语修饰方法；
显然，这个语境中as early as 作为状语更合适
B but前面没有谓语动词
D 有时间节点用名词
E 完成时不对