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题库 / Prep2008E2-SC-206
For the first time in the modern era, non-Hispanic Whites are officially a minority in California, which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters only a decade ago.
which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters only a decade ago
which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when it was nearly three-quarters
and that amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when they were nearly three-quarters
amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters a decade ago
amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from what it was a decade ago by nearly three-quarters
which不能跳过in California来修饰minority，因为in Californian不是minority的定语，而是修饰are的状语，中文可以理解为“在California是少数群体”，而不是“California的少数群体”。所以which只能指代California，逻辑错误，不选。对于noun1+prep+noun2,which 的类型，只用当prep+noun2修饰的是noun1时，which才能够跳过介词短语去修饰noun1。否则，只能就近修饰noun2。
句子的意思是non-Hispanic Whites人口的数量从原来占加州人口总数的四分之三降到现在的不到二分之一。 E的意思是降了3/4，it也无指代。
E：两个错误：sth that =where 1.D选项句意-作状语，是从3/4开始降，E选项是从sth降到3/4，句意错误；2.it在选项中无指代
注意语意+which修饰的谁要看清楚！
E中的it没有所指。看到两个选项代词不同要看代词指的啥。
A. which无所指，前面没有成分可以与amounts to连接（the numbers of non-Hispanic Whites in California才可以）；only修饰a decade ago错误。
B. which无所指；down from a decade ago逻辑意思不合理；it无所指。
C. and that amounts中that无所指；they无指代对象。
D. Correct；amounting做状语修饰前面整个主系表结构；对于only的省略见“补充说明”
E. down from what it was a decade ago比较对象不合理, 应该是人口数与人口数比,而不是人口与时间；it无所指；what it was很wordy and awkward；down from…by改变原句含义。
down from...：从......开始降;
down from...by...：从......开始降多少。
A和D的区别：一个是定语从句修饰人，一个是伴随状语，修饰人是少数派这件事情/动作。从句内容是人占不到州人口的一半，它不单单是主句主语人的一个特征，而是与主句整个句子有关（由人少于一半可以得出这些人是少数派），所以选D。
A的问题\"Which\" can\'t directly modify \"a minority\", because it\'s inappropriate to say \"A minority amounts to...\"
On the other hand, the comma + __ing construction is perfect here, since \"amounting to xxxx\" is a perfect clarification/explanation of the entire preceding sentence (\"non-Hispanic Whites are ... a minority\").
E，it指代不清；另外E改变了句意。
从原句的表述来看，句子的意思是non-Hispanic Whites人口的数量从原来占加州人口总数的四分之三降到现在的不到二分之一。
down from...：从......开始降;
down from...by...：从......开始降多少。
所以E选项的意思是从原来的数量降了四分之三。
if you take "it" to refer to the whole population, then the sentence is still wrong, because that's not the correct meaning.
"it" is trying to stand for the % of california's population that is white. there is no noun in the sentence that can achieve that meaning; that's what i meant in declaring that there is no valid antecedent.
which修饰不到non-Hispanic Whites