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题库 / Prep2012-CR-43
Two centuries ago, Tufe Peninsula became separated from the mainland, isolating on the newly formed Tufe Island a population of sunflowers.
This population's descendants grow to be, on average, 40 centimeters shorter than sunflowers found on the mainland. Tufe Island is significantly drier than Tufe Peninsula was. So the current average height of sunflowers is undoubtedly at least partially attributable to changes in Tufe's environmental conditions.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
There are no types of vegetation on Tufe Island that are known to benefit from dry conditions.
There were about as many sunflowers on Tufe Peninsula two centuries ago as there are on Tufe Island today.
The mainland's environment has not changed in ways that have resulted in sunflowers on the mainland growing to be 40 centimeters taller than they did two centuries ago.
The soil on Tufe Island, unlike that on the mainland, lacks important nutrients that help sunflowers survive and grow tall in a dry environment.
The 40-centimeter height difference between the sunflowers on Tufe Island and those on the mainland is the only difference between the two populations.
背景：两世纪以前，T半岛变成了T岛，和大陆之间的关系被截断了。
现在，T岛上的向日葵变得比大陆的向日葵要矮几十厘米（注意这里的比较对象）。
控制因素：T岛的气候变得比之前更干了。结论：是气候的变化让T岛的向日葵变矮了，
推理模式是果因推理。
A：T岛上其他植物的生长情况，和逻辑链无关。
B：过去和现在的数量比较，和向日葵变矮无关。
C：大陆的环境在这两个世纪中没有显著的变化，以至于大陆上的向日葵长高了40cm。--取非：大陆的环境在这两个世纪中有显著的变化，以至于大陆上的向日葵长高了40cm。取非后削弱了原结论，说明T岛的花相对而言矮了不是因为本岛气候变化导致的，而是大陆气候变化导致大陆的花长高了，相当于给出一个他因。正确
D：T岛的土壤缺乏让花长高、生存的必要营养。--取非：T岛的土壤不缺乏让花长高、生存的必要营养。取非后排除了一个可能的原因，加强了原来的结论，所以不正确。
E：40cm的差距是不是两地的花唯一的差距？和逻辑链无关。
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