A study of high blood pressure treatments found that certain meditation techniques and the most commonly prescribed drugs are equally effective if the selected treatment is followed as directed over the long term. Half the patients given drugs soon stop taking them regularly, whereas eighty percent of the study's participants who were taught meditation techniques were still regularly using them five years later. Therefore, the meditation treatment is the one likely to produce the best results.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
People who have high blood pressure are usually advised by their physicians to make changes in diet that have been found in many cases to reduce the severity of the condition.
The participants in the study were selected in part on the basis of their willingness to use meditation techniques.
Meditation techniques can reduce the blood pressure of people who do not suffer from high blood pressure.
Some of the participants in the study whose high blood pressure was controlled through meditation techniques were physicians.
Many people with dangerously high blood pressure are unaware of their condition.
C:冥想是最能产生治疗效果的
weaken:根据样本得出结论,则找出样本不能代表全部人的证据,即选择冥想的人是因为自愿才冥想的,与疗效无关
A/D选项,都不能提到样本的差异,(其实也与削弱逻辑链无关),所以不选
选D,以为是cause-effect的weakness,medication tech--》control hight blood pressure as best results,这里不存在因果关系!!!
physician--》medication tech和control high blood pressure 所以这个也不对。
choice b, 研究中的被试是根据他们使用冥想的意愿进行挑选的。correct,说明了冥想人群的样本不具备普遍代表性
meditation 冥想
C为什么没有攻击样本代表性啊登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论
attention!!正确的理解题意和选项的intended meaning
题目:①方法A和方法B如果被正确directed且长期坚持使用,会得到同样的效果。②选择方法A的人没多会就放弃用了,选择方法B的人80%的人都继续坚持了。==》结论:方法B的最终效果肯定要更好
此处应当有一个前提:参与实验的人是随机抽取的,且是被随机分配的。
gap:如果参与实验的人被分配选择方法A还是B的时候是基于他们对B方法的偏好的话,那本身那些去B的就是很想用B,自然也就坚持下来了。但是如果那些选A的是本事对B不偏好的,但是也不偏好A的话,用几天A就放弃也是正常的。
我觉得还是
P:吃药的人不坚持吃,冥想的人坚持冥想(果)
C:是冥想治好了高血压(因)
把前提和结论转换一下,通过坚持治疗=痊愈
P:吃药的人好不了,冥想的人好了(果)
C:是冥想治好了高血压(因)
所以果因推理要么削弱因果之间的关系,要么说明有他因导致结果出现
B选项,是因为人们的意愿,本身就像要去冥想,治好了高血压,而非冥想本身
前提是80%参与者坚持冥想 所以结论对所有病人来说冥想效果最好 明显的枚举呀登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论
meditation 冥想