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题库 / Prep2012-CR-61
Historian: In the Drindian Empire, censuses were conducted annually to determine the population of each village. Village census records for the last half of the 1600s are remarkably complete. This very completeness makes one point stand out; in five different years, villages overwhelmingly reported significant population declines. Tellingly, each of those five years immediately followed an increase in a certain Drindian tax. This tax, which was assessed on villages, was computed by the central government using the annual census figures. Obviously, whenever the tax went up, villages had an especially powerful economic incentive to minimize the number of people they recorded; and concealing the size of a village's population from government census takers would have been easy. Therefore, the reported declines probably did not happen.
In the historian's argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
The first presents a finding to support the position the historian seeks to establish; the second is a consideration that has been used to argue against that position.
The first provides a context for certain evidence that supports the position that the historian seeks to establish; the second is a judgment advanced to support that position.
The first is a position that the historian seeks to establish; the second is evidence that has been used to argue against that position.
The first is an assumption that the historian explicitly makes in support of a certain position; the second is that position.
The first is a claim that the historian rejects; the second is a conclusion drawn to justify that rejection.
每个BF 都3分一道 我也是醉了
很明显第一个是一个背景，是一个客观的东西，所以CDE排除；这段话的position/conclusion也很明显，就是therefore后面的，然后看第二个黑体，和这个therefore是没有转折的，也就是说方向是一致的，那么久可以排除A，选B。
谢谢这方法很好
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全文无转折，BF1是一个背景信息。BF2是一个position，main conclusion是Therefore, the reported declines probably did not happen.
In this argument, the first bold statement is: "Village census records for the last half of the 1600's are remarkably complete." This is evidence. This is a factual and unambiguous. Anyone can do an see this complete list of census records. This is beyond dispute. Notice, this is not evidence that supports the argument: the next sentence is really the evidence for the arguments. This sentence provides what we might call background information.
cr
黑脸题
position: the reported declines probably did not happen. 第二个黑体字说村里的人有目的去故意少报人数 支持了结论的其实人口根本没有减少。
这个文段没有转折的词汇，所以是正向的，直接排除ACE
D选项：第一个不是assumption（主观），是一个客观事实（evidence）
main conclusion; Therefore, the reported declines probably did not happen.
第一个黑体：fact，用于support main conclusion
第二个黑体：evidence, 用于解释main conclusion
十字交叉解题法：横看“正反”；竖看“观点/事实”。ACE：正反错误，没有argue against和rejects，D：观点/事实错误，第一个黑体不是assumption，而是claim，第二个黑体也不是position而是facts，explanation。
为啥不是A 呢；BF1 后面的话 This very completeness makes one point stand out; in five different years, villages overwhelmingly reported significant population declines.不能作为一个结论吗，作者去证实是否有一个人口下降；然后后面的部分包括BF2则是为反驳这个下降提供证据，最后得出结论这个下降真实不存在。
是A表述为consideration错了吗，不是结论而是一个证据？
telling adj.有效的 显著的 生动的
telling n.叙述
in five different years==》有五个不相同的年份（不知道为啥每次直观感受这个都会翻译成“每间隔五年”）
conceal v.隐藏 隐瞒
做黑脸题，首先读一下两个标黑句子的方向，要知道他们和文章的position是同方向还是反方向，一般知道这个就可以排除很多选项。剩下2选1的时候，再用一些别的方法。。。
tellingly 有效地
感觉黑脸题是CR里面最难的了