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题库 / Prep2012-SC-16
Nineteenth-century doctors thought that alcohol, when ingested, passed through the stomach into the bloodstream and was broken down only by the liver; recent studies, however, have led them to conclude that the stomach breaks down up to 20 percent of ingested alcohol before it reaches the liver.
have led them to conclude
have led to their conclusion
have led doctors to conclude
lead to doctors concluding
lead to the doctors' conclusion
题目分析：
在语法上，代词they和it（包括他们的宾格）会“完全指代”一个名词，即，先行词的所有定语部分均被包括在这个代词的指代对象中。在(A)(B)(E)中，their/them/the doctors都属于特指前文中出现的Nineteenth-century doctors；在(C)(D)中，doctors指“另外一些医生”。
选项分析：
A选项：代词them的指代对象为Nineteenth-century doctors。但在逻辑上，现在的研究不可能引导十九世纪的医生下任何结论（这些医生都已经不在人世了）。
B选项：代词their指代错误同选项(A)。另外，名词短语their conclusion应改为不定式短语to conclude，这点考查了名词和ing的区别。用之于本题，由于变化部分是宾语的补足语，所以应根据其主句的谓语动词的约束力来确定。本选项中led是“引领”的意思，显然对于conclude事件的约束力较强，需用不定式短语做宾补。
C选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
D选项：concluding是动名词短语，其应被改为不定式短语。考查不定式和ing的区别，该错误同理于(B)。
E选项：本选项错误同选项(B)。
【Nineteenth-century doctors --19世纪的医生】 thought that alcohol, when ingested, passed through the stomach into the bloodstream and was broken down only by the liver;
recent studies, however, have led 【doctors--另外一些医生】 to conclude that the stomach breaks down up to 20 percent of ingested alcohol before it reaches the liver.
【19世纪的医生】认为酒精摄入后会通过胃进入血液，只被肝脏分解；
然而，最近的研究使【另外一些医生】得出结论，摄入的酒精在到达肝脏之前，胃会分解高达 20% 的酒精。
∵ 19世纪的医生不可能活到现在
∴ 不能用 their/them（同类同物）、 the doctors（特指前文已出现的医生）
在(A)(B)(E)中，their/them/the doctors都属于特指前文中出现的Nineteenth-century doctors；
在(C)(D)中，doctors指“另外一些医生”。
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