Now generally regarded as a forgery, the Kensington Rune Stone, a 90-kilogram slab of inscribed rock discovered in Minnesota in 1898, was said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362 and thus was cited as evidence that Europeans explored North America in pre-Columbian times.
was said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362 and thus was cited as evidence that Europeans explored
was said to record an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, thus being cited as evidence for European exploration of
said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, and thus cited as evidence for European exploration of
which was said to record an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, and thus cited as evidence that Europeans explored
which, said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, was thus cited as evidence for Europeans exploring
题目分析:
略。
选项分析:
A选项:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。to have recorded中的have表示先时性,不表示完成时,即,record这一事件发生在said这一事件之前。这里改为to record也没有问题。添加have只是突出先发生,并非必须添加。
B选项:首先,名词短语 for European exploration of North America in pre-Columbian times需改为同位语从句that Europeans explored North America in pre-Columbian times,这点考查了名词和从句的区别。显然地,“证据”是一个事实,并不仅仅在发生的时候才是evidence,在发生之后也依然是evidence,所以explore在本选项中是一个事实,没有时间终止点。
其次, thus being cited as evidence(伴随状语)需改为合句and thus was cited as evidence。这是因为,“被认为记录下了美国土著和挪威探险者”和“被声明为欧洲人探险的证据”分别在讨论the Kensington Rune Stone在两个方面的情况,两者没有明显的强弱之分,不应使用主从句关系,应该用合句来表示。
C选项:名词短语 for European exploration of North America in pre-Columbian times错误同(B)。另外, 本选项缺少谓语动词。said和cited是过去分词短语。
D选项:本选项没有谓语动词。
E选项:evidence的修饰语部分是介词短语for Europeans exploring North America in pre-Columbian times的核心词为Europeans(exploring North America in pre-Columbian times是现在分词短语,是Europeans的定语),这在逻辑上是不合理的。证据应该是一个事件,而不是“欧洲人”。
粗心错,未画线部分成分画错了,前面都是定语修饰石头(看成了石头被发现orz)
A B 区别在于两件事情是平行还是修饰(很明显时间都不一样,所以必定平行)
C 变成过去分词短语,后面and thus cited也是过去分词短语,整句话没有动词
D 也没动词
E 没主句
先时性
从句和名词的区别是从句无时间终点而名词有
"to ___" —> same timeframe as the larger sentence/context in which it appears
"to have ___ed" —> earlier than the timeframe of the larger sentence/context
E.g.,
You appear to be injured. (It seems that you're injured right now.)
vs.
You appear to have been injured at work. (You may still be hurt; you may be OK now. The injury happened earlier.)
The Neanderthals don't exist anymore—and the main sentence is in the present (it's about what appears to be the case NOW)—so we definitely need "to have ___".
原文意思是一个并列关系,B选项改成了 thus being(修饰结构) 是不可以的
chose b. as evidence for European exploration of => evidence of / evidence that.
was said to have recorded
因为有两个过去发生的事件,有先后,所以完成时
本选项缺少谓语动词。said和cited是过去分词短语。
A thus表因果关系,因为被认为记录了某事件,所以它被作为证据引用。
B 主句是被认为记录了某事件,被作为证据引用作状语,修饰被认为这个动作,但这层修饰关系不合理。
A。 同位语 B 定语
没有时间和修饰关系
b选项,thus being cited有问题
A选项:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。to have recorded中的have表示先时性,不表示完成时,即,record这一事件发生在said这一事件之前。这里改为to record也没有问题。添加have只是突出先发生,并非必须添加。
有没有人觉得B里头 伴随状语也可以
选项B:thus也影射主从句的因果关系,但being实属多余。同位语从句修饰evidence更合适。
evidence +介词+名词 重心是在后面的名词,evidence+从句 句子重心是在后面的句子,注意句意的表达是想要强调什么。
to have recorded中的have表示先时性,不表示完成时,即,record这一事件发生在said这一事件之前。这里改为to record也没有问题。添加have只是突出先发生,并非必须添加。
ing短语,多是表达一种“过程”,通常在句中没有明确的时间终点;从句,一般也没有明确的时间终点。
而,名词短语则与之相反,一般在句中具有明确的时间终点,表示事情的完结。因此,名词和从句的区别是检查变化成分在语境中是否有时间终止点,这点和名词和ing的区别颇为类似。
若有时间终止点,则选名词短语;若没有没有终止点,则选从句。
显然地,“证据”是一个事实,并不仅仅在发生的时候才是evidence,在发生之后也依然是evidence,所以explore在本选项中是一个事实,没有时间终止点。
不定式和分词中添加的have不是完成时,而是先时性。也就是说,它表示have后的动作发生在句子中某一个动作之前。
这个题目里有evidence这是一个事实没有时间性,可以记忆为evidence的同位语用从句而不是介词+名词形式的定语。
a选项里的thus不也有因果关系吗
mark,
B,逗号+being作为伴随状语 与谓语was said在逻辑上——不应该——有修饰关系。for European是介词短语作定语,那么就是为了探索提供evidence。而A中同位语,that在句中不做任何成份。
另外介词短语是即可以作定语又可以做状语的,介词短语本身没有任何不同,只是修饰的词不同,所以做的成分不同。
E也没谓语动词?
“said to...1362”是 定语从句which的插入成分
后面的was thus cited 是 which的谓语,所以整个句子没谓语?
was thus cited是which引导的定语从句里面的谓语,但主干部分the Kensington Rune Stone后面就没有谓语动词了。
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E也没谓语动词?
“said to...1362”是 定语从句which的插入成分
后面的was thus cited 是 which的谓语,所以整个句子没谓语??
若有时间终止点,则选名词短语;若没有没有终止点,则选从句。