同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。
注意如下两点:
第一, 可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility,decision等(一般的抽象名词都可用)。
I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. (我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。)
第二,同位语从句的引导词,引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who。和连接副词how,when,where等。
that引导
that连接从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句。that不能省略,没有具体的意思,不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。例如:
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. (你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。)
划线部分是先行词idea的同位语从句。请注意,在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气,例如:
There was a suggestion that Brown be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
whether引导
(注:if不能引导同位语从句)
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. (我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。)
连接代词what,who,whom,whose引导
(1) I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。(what作定语)
(2) The question who will take his place is still not clear. (who作主语)
连接副词when,where,how,why引导
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. (到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。)
关于“同位语从句”和“定语从句”的区别,参见同位语从句和定语从句的区别
1) I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。(what作定语)
(2) The question who will take his place is still not clear. (who作主语)
这里好晕啊我的天!!!