you want the "which" modifier to be attached directly to the thing that it modifies; in this case, that would mean that "each of which" should be tagged directly onto "acoma and hopi".
on condition that意思是“在...情况下”，通常表示一种虚拟的情况，例如：
He can use the bicycle on condition that he(should) return it tomorrow.
因此，be named应该用原型。
少数情况下，表陈述语气，与主句时态一致即可
if you have "preposition + NOUN + VERBing", then "VERBing" is just a modifier, and can be dropped without changing the surrounding grammar.
therefore, the sentence should still make sense, in context, if you write it as just "preposition + NOUN", without the "VERBing" modifier.
therefore, the sentence at hand can be reduced to "... results in the act of stinging".
that's incorrect -- the act of stinging is not the result here;
you can only say "X results in Y" when X is an ACTION. if X is an OBJECT, you can NEVER say that X "results" in anything.
this kills choices (c) and (d), in which "stinger" is the subject of the verb "results".
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mark 后置定语描述的是名词的暂时属性，前置定语描述的是名词的永久属性或固有属性