首先比较的是复数的individuals，所以单数的A/E排除；B/C都是在比较one genetic composition, 排除，只剩D

"""the other"" is used when there are only two things.
i chose one of the two dinner options; my date chose the other.

""another"" is used for another of an indefinite number of things.
usually, i'll order one entree and my date will order another, so that we can each try some of both.

""each other"" refers to interaction between exactly two things or people.
my date and i usually sit next to each other, rather than across from each other.

""one another"" also refers to interaction, but there may be more than two things/people.
the holiday season offers many occasions for people who have not seen one another in many months to reunite."

BD的状语修饰的逻辑主语不对了

考察了作者的态度：作者并没有反驳经济学家，而是在其基础上增加了一些其他的解释, 和这个态度不一致的选项可以排除
B-关于外国和本国商品价格涨跌是作者提出修正和进一步解释真实利率、存款率和商业投资关系的论据，和经济学家本来的argument无关
C-经济学家没有identify其他因素，作者填补了其他因素
d-不是经济学家的argument
E-这里和作者态度不符

这里是问科学家不相信鸟是theropod进化而来的原因是什么，原因就是原文中给出的三个：鸟的化石出现的时间早于theropod，二者某个bone不一样，二者lung不一样，正确答案应该是这三个其中一个的变种：
A: 没有theropod的化石出现在鸟的化石之后----这个第一个原因正相反---排除
B:没有theropod的化石显示lung的结构----这是作者反驳第三个原因用的argument：作者认为没有找到表明lung结构相似的化石所以不能说他们就不一样；排除
C;theropod的化石出现在150m年前----这是对原因一的错误表述，原因一说的是鸟的化石出现在150m年前--排除
D--theropod没有fused clavicles， 原因二说的是鸟的fused clavicles和fused clavicles的unfused clavicles不一样，就是说theropod没有fused clavicles，没有这个东西，自然和鸟的这个东西不一样
E: 和原因二正相反，排除

错误选项要不然在曲解/对立原来的argument：比如A/C/E, 要不它用了作者用来反驳的argument混淆视听，比如B

travelling 的逻辑主语为什么不是 主句的主语 geologists?

Resin differs from both gum and sap in that scientists have not determined a physiological function for resin，否定了e，即并没有把gum和resin的本质作用弄混

grammarly把这个点讲的听清楚的。贴个连接，大家可参考。
https://www.grammarly.com/blog/conditional-sentences/

pair看清题目

R：the air quality of las vegas in 2007 was higher than that in 1997
W: the air quality of las vegas was higher in 2007 than that in 1997，前面部分的名词和in 2007之间被谓语动词隔开了，后面that in 1997却没有这样一个动词
R：the air quality of las vegas was higher in 2007 than in 1997，it指代the air quality of las Vegas，两部分时态一致，动词可以省略
R：the air quality of las vegas was higher in 2007 than it was in 1997

这是东西t 。。 说了跟没说一样

C：projected 可以修饰 consumer spending，consumer spending不能用在increase前面
ABD：核心词应该是increase，不是projection，也不是consumer spending

ce区别在于end的实然和将然状态，C正解的coming to an end 是一个状态，动态（变化中）符合产量增长放缓（变化动态），更贴文意。 增长放缓的原因是农业高速增长期要来了，而不是已经来了（所以不是end).

三组平行修饰opinion……差中选优就是A。。。Ideally, there should have been an and; however, this is just an acceptable writing style, especially used to emphasize attributes.

个人的想法不知道对不对

设A 为：provide support to Mr.Q; B 为：not Q& R
M说了： If A, then B
S说了： not B
结论：not A, 也就是not provide support to Mr.Q

或者可以用画图法
根据M 说法：P为一个大圆，里面有两个小圆，分别是1) Q but not R; 2) R but not Q -----2)情况符合答案B：在P 里，但not Q

我老是喜欢加入自己的常识认知。。。

An important thing to observe here is the usage of “each other” and “one another”. These expressions are used to show reciprocal actions. Take these simple examples:

a. Laurel and Hardy love each other.
This sentence means that Laurel loves Hardy. And Hardy loves Laurel. So here we have reciprocal action here.

b. All the cartoon characters start fighting with one another towards the end of the show.
This sentence means that one cartoon character was fighting with every other character. Here to the action is reciprocal.

However, the original meaning of the sentence does not intend to express reciprocal actions. It actually compares all the producing firms with one another. On this basis, choices A and C can be eliminated for incorrect use of “each other” and “one another”.

"to ___" —> same timeframe as the larger sentence/context in which it appears

"to have ___ed" —> earlier than the timeframe of the larger sentence/context

E.g.,

You appear to be injured. (It seems that you're injured right now.)
vs.
You appear to have been injured at work. (You may still be hurt; you may be OK now. The injury happened earlier.)

The Neanderthals don't exist anymore—and the main sentence is in the present (it's about what appears to be the case NOW)—so we definitely need "to have ___".

do something to do 目的修饰手段
n. that do

ever before 后要用完成时

over the past xxx yrs ---现在完成时