D选项：the present tense (e.g., "are reduced") is used for 2 things:
1/ GENERALITIES that are true regardless of the timeframe (Blood flows through veins and arteries)
2/ STATES or CONDITIONS (NOT events or actions!) that are true AT PRESENT (I am happy)
this present tense CANNOT be used for EVENTS or ACTIONS. if an event is happening right now, then you use "is/are __ing". (The factory is operating at reduced capacity because its machines are undergoing routine maintenance.)
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in general, it's a good idea to consider only MAJOR verb-tense issues. you absolutely will NOT need SUBTLE verb-tense differences to solve the problems.
this difference is pretty plain—"are reduced" is written in a tense that can NEVER be used for something like that (a single instance; an event). that's not "subtle".
the issue here is just that "labor's unqualifying support" is just ridiculously awkward. this is one of those things that native speakers will understand almost instinctively, but that is nevertheless nearly impossible to explain to non-natives.
in general, i'm loath to use apostrophe + "s" for anything but humans, animals, and the like. this is definitely NOT a hard and fast rule, but i've noticed that it's fairly consistent across most usage.
thus, "an ape's vocal tract" is preferred to "the vocal tract of an ape", but "the colors of the mural" is better than "the mural's colors".
in general, if you get to pick between the apostrophe+s construction and the "of" construction, and the possessor isn't a living thing, i'd go with the latter.
but by all means try to eliminate based on other things first.
the REAL issue, though, is "unqualifying" -- this is incorrect.
"unqualifying" means "not meeting some sort of standard for qualification".
the intended meaning here is "unqualified", which means "without any sort of restriction or reservation".
--
the past perfect makes perfect (heh) sense here. the idea is that, lately, the women have been receiving support from labor.
the present participial form "are receiving" would also make sense, but remember that you aren't supposed to change the meaning of the sentence without a good reason for doing so.
the sentence misuses the location the better poet. It is acceptbale to say a better poet than but not the better poet than. If you have already mentioned two poets X and Y, and you want to say that X is better than Y, you can either say X is a better poet than Y or simply, X is the better poet.
A, same as above
两个问题：1.EB和success比较，错误。2."the better"只能用在句子前边已经出现了两个相比较的词，比如：Tuck and Yale are preeminent school, but TUCK is the better on MBA program. 在A中并没有先出现EB和her husband.
B, Although Elizabeth Barrett Brwoning was considered among her contemporaries as a better poet than her husband, she was later overshadowed by his success.
两个问题：1.EB和success比较，错误。2.“was considered among her contemporaries as”有歧义，一种意思是“EB被认为是她的同龄人中XXX"；另一种意思是“EB被她的同龄人认为是XXX"。
C, Later overshadowed by the success of her husband, Elizabeth Barrett Brwoning's poetry had been considered among her contemporaries to be better than that of her husband.
句首的modifier修饰了poetry,而不是EB,逻辑错误。
D, Although Elizabeth Barrett browning's success was later overshadowed by that of her husband, among her contemporaries she was considered the better poet.
EB's sucess与that（=sucess） of her husband比较，正确。
E, Elizabeth Barrett Browning's poetry was considered among her contemporaries as better than her husband, but her success was later overshadowed by his husband.
EB'S poetry和her husband比较，错误; success和his husband比较，错误。
关于这个题目我还有一点想法，idiom虽然可以作为判断的依据，但是并不是最优先级，我认为SC的判断的优先级应该是：句意>平行(比较也是平行的一种)>指代>modifier>idiom
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这个题好迷惑啊……那这个表格的意义在哪里，就是告诉你原料零件充足吗