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题库 / Prep2008E1-SC-217
Not one of the potential investors is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were not to be concluded.
is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were
is expected to make an offer for buying First Interstate Bank until they sign a merger agreement including a provision for penalties if the deal was
is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement be signed by them with a provision for penalties if the deal were
are expected to make an offer for buying First Interstate Bank until it signs a merger agreement with a provision for penalties included if the deal was
are expected to be making an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until they sign a merger agreement including a provision for penalties if the deal were
题目分析：
略。
选项分析：
A选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。if the deal were中的if可以理解为in case(that)，身后接虚拟语气，虚拟条件句不一定非要虚拟主句才能使用（if the deal were这个用法其实也和if any类似，作为独立成分出现在句中）。另外，that includes a provision for penalties是a merger agreement的定语从句，这里的倒装是因谓语部分is signed太短，因而为了突出主干而倒装。
B选项：代词they没有指代对象；介词短语for buying First Interstate Bank需改为不定式短语to buy First Interstate Bank。这点考查了不定式和ing的区别，用之于本题，由于buying/to buy是offer的定语，所以应根据主句对buy事件的影响决定。显然地，主句make offer的发生会直接影响buy事件的发生与否，因此应该用不定式短语。另外，虚拟语气应用were而不是was。
C选项：be signed是动词原型，时态有误；代词them没有指代对象。
D选项：谓语动词are expected to应改为is expected to，主谓不一致；介词短语for buying First Interstate Bank需改为不定式短语to buy First Interstate Bank错误同选项(B)；虚拟语气用was错误同选项(B)；代词it只能指代物而不能指代人。
E选项：谓语动词are expected to应改为is expected to，主谓不一致；代词them没有指代对象。
A选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。if the deal were中的if可以理解为in case(that)，身后接【虚拟语气！】，虚拟条件句不一定非要虚拟主句才能使用（if the deal were这个用法其实也和if any类似，作为独立成分出现在句中）。另外，that includes a provision for penalties是a merger agreement的定语从句，这里的倒装是因谓语部分is signed太短，因而为了突出主干而倒装。
虚拟语气是说话者用来表示主观愿望、猜测、建议或者与客观事实不符的假设时用到的语气，主要通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
基本结构
（1）. 与现在事实相反的假设：一般过去时（be用were)，主句结构{ should(would)等+动词原型}
例如：If they were here ,they would help you.如果他们在这，会帮助你的。
（2）. 与过去事实相反的假设：过去完成时主句结构：{should(would)等+have+过去分词}
例如：If he had come yesterday,Ishould(would)have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。
（3）. 表示对将来不大发生的事的假想。一般过去时，were+不定式，should+动词原形；主句结构：{should(would)+动词原形。
例如：If you succeeded ,everything would be all right.如果你将来成功了一切都会好的。
C,them无指代对象。
虚拟语气，if were
主谓一致排除DE
C,动词原形有误；them无指代对象
B，they无指代对象，for doing应修改为不定式，因为主句make offer会直接影响buy的发生与否，另外虚拟语气应该用were而非was
A correct
Not one of the potential investors 【is 单数】 expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed 【that includes a provision for penalties 定从修饰merger，为突出主干倒装】 【if=in case (that) +虚拟语气 the deal were 】 not to be concluded.
在签署合并协议之前，预计没有一个潜在投资者会提出收购 First Interstate Bank 的要约，其中包括如果交易未完成将受到处罚的条款。
if the deal虚拟语气用were
求问老师 这里D的with有修饰错误吗 with是就近修饰吧有修饰到them 是错误的吗
that includes a provision for penalties是a merger agreement的定语从句，这里的倒装是因谓语部分is signed太短，因而为了突出主干而倒装。
① that/which作为关系代词的区别还在于，that如果前面谓语宾语较短，that可以不紧跟被修饰成分(e.g. agreement); ② not one of.... 是一个singular; ③ B/C的代词them/they 指的one of investors，应该是单数; ④A中的were是虚拟语气。
”if the deal were中的if可以理解为in case(that)，身后接虚拟语气，虚拟条件句不一定非要虚拟主句才能使用（if the deal were这个用法其实也和if any类似，作为独立成分出现在句中）“
错选C，them指代investors，但句意不通
B选项：代词they没有指代对象；介词短语for buying First Interstate Bank需改为不定式短语to buy First Interstate Bank。这点考查了不定式和ing的区别，用之于本题，由于buying/to buy是offer的定语，所以应根据主句对buy事件的影响决定。显然地，主句make offer的发生会直接影响buy事件的发生与否，因此应该用不定式短语。另外，虚拟语气应用were而不是was。
原句是虚拟语气 没错
eg.: if I were you, 虚拟语气用were不用was
虚拟语气应用were而不是was。
*公式小结：
表示虚拟的时间
If I 条件从句时态
主句谓语时态形式
现在
一般过去时did/were
过去将来时would do
过去
过去完成时have done
过去将来完成时would have done
将来
过去将来时were to，should do
过去将来时would, might, could do
这题没错。注意这点：
if the deal were中的if可以理解为in case(that)，身后接虚拟语气，虚拟条件句不一定非要虚拟主句才能使用；
另外，that includes a provision for penalties是a merger agreement的定语从句。
看到if没有反应过来是虚拟语气，排除了。。。
还有一个【实意成分缺失】考点帮助选择
A 正确。当时那个were很犹豫，if the deal were中的if可以理解为in case(that)，身后接虚拟语气
B for buying没有to buy好，因为make an offer的约束力很强；until后的成分变了，那个they没必要，不管谁签的sign都行【实意成分缺失】；而且事实上they没有有效指代，题中只有one of the investors；
C until后不是完整句子，而且them无有效指代；them也没必要。
虚拟预期用were
虚拟语气 were，看到were就排除了没有多想想
引用：形成某些该有的条件反射，比如看到代词思考他的reference，修饰词与被修饰对象关系清晰等等基本原则
A：直到agreement被签署
B、C：直到潜在投资者签署；语法上成立，但逻辑上不合理——并购协议不可能被潜在投资者签署，因为投资者还是潜在阶段；
DE：are expected 不对