Because there are provisions of the new maritime code that provide that even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas, they have already stimulated international disputes over uninhabited islands.
Because there are provisions of the new maritime code that provide that even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas, they have already stimulated
Because the new maritime code provides that even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas, it has already stimulated
Even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas under provisions of the new maritime code, already stimulating
Because even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas under provisions of the new maritime code, this has already stimulated
Because even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas under provisions of the new maritime code, which is already stimulating
题目分析:
provisions做名词时意为:条款。因此,原句中的provisions和其定语从句中的provide是不重复的。provide这个词,除了“提供”的意思外,还有“规定”的意思。
选项分析:
A选项:本选项的原因状语从句中出现了there be结构,这个句子的核心词是“有”。本题的主句中的主语是代词they,其指代对象是原因状语从句中的provisions of the new maritime code/ the new maritime code。若本选项成立,则两句的意思为:
因为这里有一个海商法,所以这个海商法引起了争端。
显然地,两个小句间不存在因果关系。若想令小个单句间存在因果关系,前一个单句的核心词必须是provision/provide,即,事件:
因为海商法的一个规定,所以这个海商法引起了争端。
B选项:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
C选项:already stimulating international disputes over uninhabited islands是现在分词短语。其在逻辑上既可以做定语也可以做伴随状语。由于本选项中其逻辑主语是provisions of the new maritime code,所以它肯定是定语。依图形背景原则可知,本选项的主从句反了。在逻辑上,肯定是先有的规章制度的内容,然后这个制度才会引起争议。因此,“规章制度的内容”持续的时间必然长于“激起争端”的时间,即,stimulate应为主句。
D选项:this是代词,可以指代单数名词,但是本题中stimulate的逻辑主语应该是复数名词provisions of the new maritime code。
E选项:本选项没有主句,所有小句均是从句。
理解【核心结构】的概念:本选项的原因状语从句中出现了there be结构,这个句子的核心词是“有”。本题的主句中的主语是代词they,其指代对象是原因状语从句中的provisions of the new maritime code/ the new maritime code。若本选项成立,则两句的意思为:
因为这里有一个海商法,所以这个海商法引起了争端。
显然地,两个小句间不存在因果关系。若想令小个单句间存在因果关系,前一个单句的核心词必须是provision/provide,即,事件:
B/C:
B的主句是xx刺激了国际争端,因为海洋法规定……作状语
C的主句是小岛是基础,刺激了国际争端作伴随状语。
刺激了国际争端的发生时间更短暂,给人的印象更深刻,作主句更优;海洋法规定或规定的内容是长久的一种状态,作背景更优。
A,因为这里有条款,所以这些条款刺激了争端。语意不优秀,比如“因为这里有现代人,所以现代人破坏了原始人的栖息地”,应该是“因为现代人做了某件事情(因为现代人入侵),所以他们破坏了原始人的栖息地”。
B,因为海洋法规定……,所以海洋法刺激了争端。ok
C,小岛也可以是资源的基础,伴随的结果是(这件事)刺激了国际争端。把海洋法扔到了状语的位置,改变了语意的重心,应该是 海洋法刺激了国际争端的表达更优。
第一个选项句看的不是很明白时,立马去看其他选项帮助理解,不要在题干浪费太多时间,因为a有可能是错的,句意本来就是混乱的不明显的
错选e,e没有主语啊注意,时态也是错的
d,this不能指代一个名词
c 没有谓语啊注意
a Because there are provisions of the new maritime code that provide,。。太wordy了
考察:
because,even这种连词引导句子时,句子结构的完整和简洁
this必要情况下可以裸奔,但只能指代单数名词
c:this不能指代一个名词
关于doing做伴随状语的逻辑主语问题:
伴随状语的主语要求是主句主语,但在表示某事的发生引起某个结果时,doing的逻辑主语可以是前面整个主句,而不是主句主语这一个名词。
如:Crime has recently decreased in our neighborhood, leading to a rise in property values.leading引导的东西就是犯罪减少的结果,leading的主语是前面整个句子,而不是crime这个东西。
整个句子=That crime has recently decreased in our neighborhood leads to a rise in property values.
C 如果理解成因果逻辑,错在伴随状语表示的是自然而然的因果逻辑。“小岛可以作为资源的依据”并不会自然而然地“引起国际争端”,是因为中间插入了各个国家有自己的利益诉求等因素,才使得这件事可以引发国际争端。参考“他踢了桌子一脚,因此脚疼”。
以下例子也符合上述规则:
OG2018-SC-702:the ice cap began to melt, uncovering vast new areas.
GMATLA-SC-93:increasing demands could alter the saline content, robbing the oysters there of their flavor.
Prep2007E2-SC-122:The features of the floor look just like those at the base of Antarctic ice streams, suggesting that flowing ice may have carved the giant Martian channels.
关于doing做伴随状语的逻辑主语问题:
伴随状语的主语要求是主句主语,但在表示某事的发生引起某个结果时,doing的逻辑主语可以是前面整个主句,而不是主句主语这一个名词。
如:Crime has recently decreased in our neighborhood, leading to a rise in property values.leading引导的东西就是犯罪减少的结果,leading的主语是前面整个句子,而不是crime这个东西。
整个句子=That crime has recently decreased in our neighborhood leads to a rise in property values.
所以C的语法没有问题,是语意有问题。"甚至小岛也能是获得大片资源的依据,这件事刺激了国际争端。"海洋法在里面做藏在角落里的修饰语,但通常情况下,人们说到这件事情时,要强调是海洋法设置了这一条款,引起了争端。因为海洋法是人设定的,这样的表达隐含了国际争端是由这些拟定海洋法的人引起的的意思,更合大众语言逻辑。
https://www.facebook.com/groups/A2GMAT/permalink/1441539035899696/
gamt中不用this做形式主语,用it
A there be 多余
C comma ing前后时态不一致
D this指代了一件事情
E 没动词,时态错
relative judgements:
A:there are provisions of the code ... that provide (redundancy) VS the code provides
A.there are provisions of WORDY AND REDUNDANT;they指代不明,因为上文有主句嵌套从句,主句从句中都有复数名词;
C.under provisions of the new maritime code位置不好,有修饰sea areas的嫌疑;Ron说无论comma-ing是啥作用,-ing都应该能让主句主语做agent,而stimulating主语不应该是tiny islets,no sense,所以comma-ving不合适;
islet==》小岛
A there be 核心词是有,核心词应为一个事件
C 图形背景
D this只能指代单数名词
C选项,already stimulating... this participle modifier illogically modifies" tiny islands", it actually should modify the new maritime code.
C选项,按语法分析,逻辑主语应该是tiny islets?tiny islets不能 stimulate,所以不合理,这么分析可以吗?
,ving表述因果关系的时候,放在句尾表示结果,需要逻辑主语符合吗?就是主句的主语有什么要求呢
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the modifier "under provisions of the new maritime code" is placed in a location that is somewhat ambiguous -- it seems to suggest that the sea areas themselves are under those provisions.
(this is certainly not a fatal error, but you should notice it in contrast to the other answer choices, in which that modifier is moved to a more logically sound location).