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题库 / Prep2008E2-SC-198
Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950.
Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture
Between 1990 and 2000 the growth of the global economy was more than that during 10,000 years, from when agriculture began
The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeds that which had been for 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture
The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeds what it has been for 10,000 years, from when agriculture began
The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeded what it did for the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture
Here is Ron's explanation of why B, C, D and E are wrong:
"(B) you can't use 'that' in this sort of construction, because constructions using 'that of' (or other preposition after 'that') must have EXACTLY parallel structures. in other words, if the second half says 'that during 10,000 years', then the preceding half must say 'the growth of ___ during something else' (or some other time preposition, such as before or after, in place of during).
there's nothing ungrammatical about 'from when', because the clause starting with 'when' is a perfectly legitimate noun clause (i.e., 'when agriculture began' serves as a noun. however:
- it's possible that the gmat does consider such constructions wrong; the only way to tell is to see if they say so in any official answer choices
- regardless of where the gmat stands on the issue, 'the beginning of agriculture' is unquestionably better than 'when agriculture began' (i.e., an actual noun is almost always superior to a circuitous noun clause, when possible)"
"(C) First, you've got a "which" modifier that isn't preceded by a comma, so that's an automatic failure. (note that you can use preposition + which without a comma -- e.g., the box in which you placed your valuables -- but you cannot do so with just plain "which".)
more importantly, "had been" is not parallel to anything in the other half of the sentence; in order to use a parallel structure that contains a form of "to be", you must have another form of "to be" in the other half of the parallel structure.
check out more details here:
http://www.beatthegmat.com/soar-t62473-15.html#280069"
"(D) you can't use the present perfect if the time interval is over. If the trend continues into the present day, then the present perfect is appropriate.
Even if that were fixed, choice D still suffers from fatal wordiness / lack of concision, especially in comparison to the correct choice."
"(E) The growth of the global economy since 1990 exceeds what it did for the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture.
'what it did' doesn't make any sense:
* the growth didn't 'do' anything
* there's no other verb to which 'did' could logically be parallel to complete the comparison"
C错在哪里呀？做题时还考虑了一下between 1990 and 2000应该做定语修饰economy的呀，A的话就是状语了吧
没有可比对象。exceed that which had been, 但前面是growth，一个名词，而不是句子。把which had been去掉合适些
嗯嗯是的，前句没有出现过be，所以这里had been就不合适了，和上一题的考点是一样的
that which had been for 10,000 years表达的意思是，the growth of the global economy had been for 10,000 years。“近十年的全球经济的增长”和“持续了10,000年的全球经济的增长”做比较。但实际句子想表达的意思是，十年间经济的增长，比过去10,000年**期间**增长的还要多。全球经济也不可能持续涨10,000年，其中必然有衰退什么的。
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"In general,
1 * if you have than/as + subject + FORM OF "TO BE" as the second half of a comparison, then you must have another form of "to be" in the first half of the comparison.
or, there should be something in the first half that would make sense with "to be" in front of it.
2 * if you have than/as + subject + HELPING VERB as the second half of a comparison, you can have just about any other form of the same verb in the first part, as determined by context.
3 * if you have than/as + subject + FORM OF "TO DO" as the second half of a comparison, then you must have an ACTION VERB[/b] (or another form of "to do") in the first half of the comparison.
here are some examples:
#1
the air quality of las vegas is higher this year than it was in 2005.
also
parking spots are disappearing much more quickly today than they were yesterday.
#2
james can negotiate with salespeople more effectively than stephanie can. (comparing their abilities)
james can negotiate with salespeople more effectively than he does. (his ability exceeds his actual performance, probably because he just isn't trying very hard)
#3
parking spots disappeared much faster today than they did yesterday.
tanya eats more slowly than she did when she was a teenager. (note that "did" doesn't have to have the same tense as the action verb)"
1.代词指代错误，DE的it都指代的是The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000，C的that which更错了，CDE错
2.动词时态，CD时态错误
3.B的from when agriculture began不如A表达简洁。
4.措辞，for 10,000 years错，CDE错。
D选项
than 之前的 句子里没有出现任何be动词可以比较的，所以有be的都错
E当中what it did错误，the growth of the global economy就是个名词，它没有did sth
看到it一定要看能不能找到指代对象
Between 在 global economy 之后 才是修饰 global economy，才应该算进it的完全指代；
from X to Y, X和Y这里应该是两个名词性的时间点，when引导的从句不是
the modification after comma ADD to the previous noun, not Define it. But in B, the things after the comma defines the noun, which is 10000 years
B： that做指代，前后应该严格平行。
A；前后都是global economy， 所以可用it指代
If the noun has a timeframe attached to it, THEN any pronoun will carry that same timeframe
grow 可不可以用more 呢？ grow感觉应该用faster？ from when agriculture began是严格的错误吗？
错选b
B: Ron:you can't use 'that' in this sort of construction, because constructions using 'that of' (or other preposition after 'that') must have EXACTLY parallel structures. in other words, if the second half says 'that during 10,000 years', then the preceding half must say 'the growth of ___ during something else' (or some other time preposition, such as before or after, in place of during).
E当中what it did错误，the growth of the global economy就是个名词，它没有did sth～
that during要和than前面的结构一样才行
when agriculture began相当于一个名词短语。但不如the beginning of好
B的between 1990 and 2000 作状语修饰了系表结构 was more than... ，但between 1990 and 2000修饰的是growth
it's perfectly sensible to write that the growth of one thing has been "faster" than the growth of another thing.
• on the other hand, it's wrong to write that a growth rate is "faster" than another growth rate
①注意前后两个动作的比较是不是有意义的
以E为例：...exceeded what it did for the 1000 years from the beginning of agriculture. did要去比的话只能是exceed...但是这样的比较毫无意义
②from when ... to 1990...很awkward when相当于一个介词短语 ，如：in 1990 ，from in 1990 to 1990 ...咋看咋怪
我觉得exceed过去时或者现在时都可以吧
"between 1990 and 2000" describes the entire sentence that follows.
if you want this type of modifier to describe a noun, you have to put it after the noun.