The general availability of high-quality electronic scanners and color printers for computers has made the counterfeiting of checks much easier. In order to deter such counterfeiting, several banks plan to issue to their corporate customers checks that contain dots too small to be accurately duplicated by any electronic scanner currently available; when such checks are scanned and printed, the dots seem to blend together in such a way that the word "VOID" appears on the check.
A questionable assumption of the plan is that
in the territory served by the banks the proportion of counterfeit checks that are made using electronic scanners has remained approximately constant over the past few years
most counterfeiters who use electronic scanners counterfeit checks only for relatively large amounts of money
the smallest dots on the proposed checks cannot be distinguished visually except under strong magnification
most corporations served by these banks will not have to pay more for the new checks than for traditional checks
the size of the smallest dots that generally available electronic scanners are able to reproduce accurately will not decrease significantly in the near future
情景:无论谁收到假币都得哭爹喊娘,所以根除假币刻不容缓。许多银行提出了方案:咱们用先进的技术让假币制造者望尘莫及。结论句为:Several banks plan to issue to their corporate customers checks that contain dots too small to be accurately duplicated by any electronic scanner currently available
推理:由于问题问的是方案基于的假设,所以推理文段的推理方式为方案推理。
本题的推理结构为:
目标:In order to deter such counterfeiting
方案:Issue to their corporate customers checks that contain dots too small to be accurately duplicated by any electronic scanner currently available
选题方式:方案推理有三个评估方向,简而言之,即,答案选项一定和方案的内容相关。
选项分析:
A选项:在用电子扫描仪伪造的银行支票的领域中,这种假支票的比例在过去几年一直没变化。本选项没有提及方案,可以排除。
B选项:大部分用电子扫描仪伪造的银行支票的伪造者仅仅伪造数额比较大的款项。本选项没有提及方案,可以排除。
C选项:在计划造出来的支票上,最小的点除非特殊放大,否则无法被分辨出来。本选项提及了方案,但是说的是方案的另一个侧面,不能算是副作用(因为支票本身就不是让大众容易真伪的,所以容不容易分辨很难说是不是副作用)。
D选项:大部分该银行所服务的企业用新型支票不需要比用以前的支票花费更多。本选项提及了方案,但是给出了方案另外的优点,不属于方案的三个CQ。
E选项:Correct. 用电子扫描仪能制造的最小的点在未来一小段时间不会显著变小。若用电子扫描仪能制造的最小的点会变小,那么方案就会在短时间变得无法防伪,使其不能达成目标,属于CQ1:方案的可行性问题。
if you're asked for an assumption, then you are ALWAYS seeking a 'questionable' assumption.
this is, after all, the point: you want to identify where this person's argument might go wrong. this is a sterling example of real-world critical thinking.
(e): the argument assumes that scanners aren't going to get any better.
问assumption, 那么就是其中的一个选项会使得计划行得通,那么选项E, 如果扫描打印能打印的很小,那么这个方案就行不通了。
E选项:Correct. 用电子扫描仪能制造的最小的点在未来一小段时间不会显著变小。若用电子扫描仪能制造的最小的点会变小,那么方案就会在短时间变得无法防伪,使其不能达成目标,属于CQ1:方案的可行性问题。
已知electronic scanners能复制的点的大小决定了纸钞能不能仿制;
计划里要放在纸钞上的点的大小比目前所有electronic scanners能打出来的都要小
questionable:之后electronic scanners能打印出来的点的大小会不会进一步缩小
去Not以后the size of the smallest dots that generally available electronic scanners are able to reproduce accurately will decrease significantly in the near future 削弱了新方法的可行性 反之加强
C集中的问题是辨别是否方便
而题目的key questiom是造假——counterfeit是否变得不方便
没看懂最后一个选项,智商捉急。主要是因为看到第一行的扫描仪和打印机,后边的句子自动脑补所有的scanner都是打印机了,所以觉得E很奇怪,点大小跟打印有啥关系。
结论:用了现在的scanner印不出来小点印在新钞票上,就可以杜绝假钞。
E。现存的扫描仪在未来很久都不能缩小现在最小的点。也就是说无法做到和真钱一样,所以plan就有有用。
counterfeiting伪造 duplicated复印(文段在讲假钞)
答案一定和方案有关(方案Issue to their corporate customers checks that contain dots too small to be accurately duplicated by any electronic scanner currently available)
C选项只是一个侧面,不算是副作用
E选项说明这个方案的可行性存在问题
choice d, 使用这种新型支票不会比传统支票付出更多的金钱。该排除了一个方案的副作用,但不一定保证方案一定可行的
这个在选项里写的很清楚啦,给方案一个额外的好处是没用的,必须说没有坏处。
这个题做错就是因为不知道counterfeit这个单词~~~~唉
mark
老师,方案推理中否定性副作用是不是除了要提及方案,还要影响目标达成?如果无关的话,取反只能看作额外的优点
1. 副作用不一定要影响目标达成。
2. 额外的优点一定无关,一定需要是“没有坏处”
3. 针对本题,E要比D更直接
登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论
方案推理三个CQ中的否定性副作用必须要比较严重或对目标有影响吗?
E是比D更合适吗?E是可行性问题,D取反是否定性副作用
在这里questionable是经得起质疑的意思
questionable assumption 是可疑的假设的意思??
a questionable assumption for the argue 这个问题是想让我找什么?选项E说的是用电子扫描仪能制造的最小的点在未来一小段时间不会显著变小,这不是支持的么?怎么个questionable了?
我做的时候也以为是问削弱,然后选了C 现在看答案E 感觉这个questionable assumption应该就是等同assumption,不然就真的选不出了
在这里questionable是经得起质疑的意思
啊哈!
登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论
a questionable assumption for the argue: 是对此结论(小小点可以防止造假)的质疑,也就是小小点不可以防止造假的情况,如是这样理解,就没有答案。E觉得是加强。如果E项变成Whether the ....can decrease 就好选很多了。