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题库 / Prep2008E1-CR-121
In Kravonia, the average salary for jobs requiring a college degree has always been higher than the average salary for jobs that do not require a degree. Over the last few years, the number of Kravonians enrolled in college has been growing steadily. Therefore, the number of Kravonians entering the job market who have at least the qualification of a college degree will eventually be significantly higher than it has been over the last few years.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
Kravonians with more than one college degree earn little more, on average, than do Kravonians with only one college degree.
The average number of years Kravonian college students remain enrolled before completing a degree has been increasing over the past several years.
Despite the increase in the number of Kravonians attending college, the percentage of the population attending college is lower in Kravonia than in most other countries.
In recent years, employers have been requiring college degrees for workers in jobs that were previously performed successfully by Kravonians who did not have college degrees.
For many years, employers in Kravonia have had difficulty finding enough college graduates to fill the high-paying jobs that were available.
情景：有文凭的人比没有文凭的人挣得钱多。在Kravonia这个国家，参加大学的人变多了。因此，拥有至少一个大学学位的求职者人数最终要比以前多。
推理：
前提：参加大学的人变多了
结论：拥有至少一个大学学位的求职者人数最终要比以前多
选项分析：
A选项：Kravonia有超过一个学位的人比只有一个学位的人挣得会稍微多一点。本选项提到了“薪资”，但是并不是有学位的和没有学位的相比较。因此，本选项不能反驳结论。
B选项：Correct. Kravonia的学生在过去几年平均需要更长的时间来从大学中毕业。本选项可以反驳结论，即，入学人多不等于毕业生多。
C选项：尽管在Kravonia大学入学学生变多，但是Kravonia上大学的人数占总人口的比例仍然小于其他地区。本选项讨论的是Kravonia和其它地区的比较。
D选项：在近些年，那些本来可以被不具有大学学位的员工做好的职位也开始需求大学学位了。本选项和结论无关。
E选项： 招聘者一直很难招到具有大学学位的人来加入可提供的高薪职位中。推理文段中并没有讨论到挣钱多少的问题。
这道题我觉得不应该纠结在细枝末叶上，又不是考数学。 significantly higher 我们要反驳的是这个点。 近几年每年入学人数持续增加
根据常识我们都知道过几年毕业生肯定比以前多，但是b中的那个 The average number of years平均毕业需要的年数增加了，这是一个平均概念就是说有的人按时有的晚毕业，所以流入社会的毕业生肯定会增加，但是绝不会significantly higher。而且整个题都是围绕一个时间点 over the last few years.就是跟这几年比，50年以后还用比吗？照着这种趋势下去，肯定significantly higher。所以题中一直在强调这个over the last few years。
同意！
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这题用排除法比较好，不然会受到题目里边结论部分的措辞的干扰。
题目说再过去几年，读大学的人在稳定增长，所以毕业生的人数最终也会明显多于过去几年。
重点在毕业生的人数会不会明显多于往年。
A 平均薪资，跟人数没关系，排除
C 大学生占人口的百分比，题目讲的是 the number，跟百分比无关，排除
D 雇主...， 无关，排除
E 雇主招不到什么样的人，无关，排除
B 在过去几年，在校大学生在学校呆的平均年数延长了。看到这个选项，会有些怀疑，时间延长了，但是最终还是要毕业的，那就没办法削弱结论里头的eventually了。可以假设极端情况，每年入学100个人，但每年毕业出来1个人，那么就不能significantly higher了。再说用排除法，也就这个能选。
B选项：Correct. Kravonia的学生在过去几年平均需要更长的时间来从大学中毕业。本选项可以反驳结论，即，入学人多不等于毕业生多。
错选了E 文段中没有提到high-paying jobs（未将工作分类 属于新名词）
B：从大学毕业的时间在增加 所以入学的人多不等于毕业的人多
P： 被大学录取的人多了-> C: 拥有本科学位进入就业市场的人也会比以前更多, weaken
choice (b) attacks this connection -- if students are taking longer to graduate from college, then the increased enrollment doesn't necessarily mean that there will be any more graduates! it's just a symptom of the fact that students are staying in school for longer.
排除法
这个eventually看到了之后我就对B 有点不想选了……
（我现在说活都开始倒装了…………）
因果推理不是两个方向？一个是因果联系质疑reasoning。一个是因本身有问题？
原文里 eventually 有点迷惑。。。不过 significantly也是个硬伤
student enrolled 是在校生的意思 不是每年登记的新生的意思 见楼上ron解析
（Over the last few years, the number of Kravonians enrolled in college has been growing steadily. ）表示过去几年里注册的学生数增加，但这并不代表每年比去年招了更多人，可能是每年都只招1000人，但由于B选项里的（The average number of years Kravonian college students remain enrolled before completing a degree has been increasing over the past several years.）这个原因，导致很早注册的那群人还没毕业，所以即便每年一千一千的新学生入学，这群Kravonians enrolled in college（可以理解为一个pool）也就越来越多，但是，最终当年毕业的人数却没增加，导致题干中的结论不成立。
The average number of years Kravonian college students remain enrolled before completing a degree 这个后置定语怎么看不太懂，特别是 remain enrolled
enroll in college和enter job中间有一个gap就是到底毕没毕业~
谢谢 看懂了，意思就是在学校读的年份更长了。 不过我现在已经不考G了
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for instance, if students take 4 years to graduate from college and college graduates 1000 students per year, then (not counting dropouts) that college's enrollment will be approximately 4000 students. if students begin to take five years to graduate from college, then that same college will begin to have an enrollment of 5000 students -- even if it graduates the same number (1000) of students per year.
有道理
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choice (b) attacks this connection -- if students are taking longer to graduate from college, then the increased enrollment doesn't necessarily mean that there will be any more graduates! it's just a symptom of the fact that students are staying in school for longer.
Ron大神回复：
the problem with this argument is that it takes the observation that "the number of Kravonians enrolled in college has been growing steadily", and takes that observation to mean that the number of graduates is going to increase in proportion.
eventually be significantly higher 这个eventually的意思不就是最终么，所以就算是在校时间长了，学生也还是会毕业，最终进入job market 啊。。。
这道题的结论到底是什么？是进入job market的人拥有大学文凭的会比以前多？如果是这样的话就只能选B了
1. B enrolled student在校学生 每年保持招收1000人，4years=4000人；5years=5000人，但是每年毕业的人没有增加。
2. D 如果job总量不变，非文凭职位变为文凭职位→文凭职位增加。但是一增加不显著 二总职位数量未知，所以无法支持significantly higher
请教一个语法问题：
题干部分【the number of Kravonians entering the job market ...】中的【entering】是现在分词做定语修饰【the number】吗？还是修饰【Kravonians】？还是修饰【the number of Kravonians】？
现在分词做定语需要修饰核心词，但是这个【entering】貌似在逻辑上不能修饰【the number】。。。
修饰人。ing短语本身就是定语从句的简化结果，基本是继承所有定语从句的特点的，没有任何特殊的地方。
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enrolled－－》the qualification of a college degree