扫描二维码，直接登录
题库 / GMATLA-CR-16
For most people, the left half of the brain controls linguistic capabilities, but some people have their language centers in the right half. When a language center of the brains is damaged, for example, by a stroke, linguistic capabilities are impaired in some way. Therefore, people who have suffered a serious stroke on the left side of the brain without suffering any such impairment must have their language centers in the right half.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the reasoning in the argument above depends?
No part of a person's brain that is damaged by a stroke never recovers
Impairment of linguistic capabilities does not occur in people who have not suffered any damage to any language center of the brain.
Strokes tend to impair linguistic capabilities more severely than does any other cause of damage to language centers in the brain.
If there are language centers on the left side of the brain, any serious stroke affecting that side of the brain damages at least one of them.
It is impossible to determine which side of the brain contains a person's language centers if the person has not suffered damage to either side of the brain
gap：中风是不是一定会影响到大脑中控制语言能力的中心？？如果不影响的话也就无法知道 语言能力在哪边了
(B) 的答案，屬於平行推論的加強概念，對 assumption 來說，屬於外來資訊
題目討論對象為: 腦部受損之人，而非腦部未受損之人
Assumption 基本上是不討論不在 argument 討論範圍之內的對象
(Support 則沒有此限制)
事实-->推理
assumption 取非削弱
P：
C：左脑中风，但语言能力没有损伤的话，语言中枢一定在右脑
D取非-->如果左脑有语言中枢的话，任何中风都不会影响左脑的语言中枢-->削弱
（读这个选项非常慢的原因是没有找到代词代指谁）
类比推理
P: 左/右脑中的语言中枢的损坏会伤害修辞能力
C: 左脑的损坏会伤害修辞能力，否则语言中枢在右脑
D选项排除左脑损坏和语言中枢损坏的不同点
这是一个果因题，看哪个选项能加强上文的结论。D确保了中风一定会损害一个半球，所以实验前提就被确认了
KEATS
Negated D:
If there are language centers on the left side of the brain, any serious stroke affecting that side of the brain damages NONE of them. So, if it damages NONE in the left side of the brain, you cannot assuredly say that the linguistic capabilities are in the right half of the brain. This breaks the conclusion and is our required assumption.
P: 左脑负责语言能力，右脑也能用 + 中风损伤语言中枢，影响语言能力
➡️ C: 左脑中风但没出现语言机能损伤的人，语言中枢在右脑
D - 如果语言中枢在左脑，中风肯定会影响（左右脑）其中之一 【算是加强了“中风&语言中枢”的关联？】
Option B:
Impairment of linguistic capabilities does not occur in people who have not suffered any damage to any language center of the brain.
Negated B:
Impairment of linguistic capabilities does occur in people who have not suffered any damage to any language center of the brain.
This does not affect our argument because it says that people who have NOT suffered any damage to any language center of brain are liable to getting their linguistic capabilities impaired. However, the question doesn't differentiate between people who have suffered any damage to language center and people who haven't. Additionally, this does not come close to explaining that people who have suffered a serious stroke on the left side of the brain without suffering such impairment must have their language centers in the right half!
D：有left stroke就一定会有语言损害
因果关系： damage 导致linguistic 能力消失从而判断出linguistic 在左还是右脑
impair 损害 削弱
读选项啊！
severely 严格的
果因推理
P：some people have suffered a serious stroke on the left side of the brain without suffering any such impairment
C：they must have their language centers in the right half
评估方向：要么同时提及“without any such impairment” 和 “language centers in the right half”，要么给出“without any such impairment”的另一个原因
答案D至少是补充说明了，有例子证明左大脑有语言中枢的，stroke了以后会damage至少一边。
【错因：读完文章觉得有bug，下意识当做削弱题做了。。。】
当语言中枢受到伤害，语言能力因此被损害。
所以任何左脑遭到中风但是却没有影响语言能力的人，一定是因为这些人的语言中枢是在右半脑的。问assume？
choice a, 受到中风损伤的大脑中，没有一个部分永远不会恢复。irrelevant
choice b, 语言能力伤害不会发生在那些没有遭受语言中枢被破坏的人身上。out of scope~arugument讨论对象限定在遭受语言中枢伤害的人
choice d, 如果语言中枢存在左半脑，任何可以影响到大脑的中风至少损害其中的一个半球。correct，避免出现左半脑中风，但是左半脑的语言中枢没有遭受影响的情况
果因推理
P：some people have suffered a serious stroke on the left side of the brain without suffering any such impairment
C：they must have their language centers in the right half
评估方向：要么同时提及“without any such impairment” 和 “language centers in the right half”，要么给出“without any such impairment”的另一个原因
从技巧而言，原题说stroke的影响，答案完全不提基本是错的。
结论：如果一个人的左脑受损伤，但是语言不受影响，那么他的语言中枢一定在右脑。
错选E：”如果一个人的任何一边大脑没有受伤，那么不可能判断人的哪边大脑有语言中枢（language center）“，无法得出结论。
E取反，无法否定结论：”如果一个人的任何一边大脑受伤，那么有可能判断语言中枢在左半脑还是右半脑。“
选项D：“如果一个左脑有多个语言中枢，那么左脑中风则一定会损伤这些语言中枢的其中一个”，可以得出结论：“如果一个人左脑中风了，但语言中枢却没受影响，那么语言中枢一定不在左脑，即在右脑。”
D取反：”如果一个左脑有多个语言中枢，那么左脑中风则不一定会损伤这些语言中枢的其中一个“，那么否定结论，即D为assumption。
P：大多数人的语言中枢在左半脑，但是一些人的语言中枢在右半脑。当一个人的语言中枢被中风伤害，语言能力会因此被损伤。
C：因此当一些人的左半脑中风但是没有任何语言能力伤害，一定是因为语言中枢在右半脑
assumption就是如果语言中枢在左脑，任何发生在左半脑的中风至少会造成语言中枢的伤害