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题库 / Prep2007E1-CR-21
Traces of cultivated emmer wheat have been found among the earliest agricultural remains of many archaeological sites in Europe and Asia. The only place where the wild form of emmer wheat has been found growing is a relatively narrow strip of southwest Asia. Since the oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip, it is clear that emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
The present-day distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia.
Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains.
At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated.
In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.
It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia.
我觉得C也不好（虽然这题里也只能选这个了），它是说目前30s读报纸的也是一进入30s才开始看报纸的，于是推出现在20s的进入30s后也会开始读报纸（即试图防止现在20s的进入30s后看报比例不提高，从而加强结论），但是实际上这是不一定的这个趋势不一定存在，只是稍稍加强了可能性。这道题C逻辑思维强反而可能觉得C不对，甚至可以单独出一道weaken的题。
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only place where the wild form
first domesticated somewhere in that strip.
到目前为止，野生的还存活的地方，是最先的人工种植的地方
排除他因
C: emmer wheat was domesticated in that strip.
P: wild and remains of cultivated are both found in that strip.
因果-QUOTE RON “have been found growing”这个是在讲野生的现在也在生长；选项要能放在P和C之间而加强的，做题问自己“为什么被一起发现，就能证明是在那家养的呢”？思路有两个，一个是有了这个选项，可以更加正向增强【因果联系】；另一个是基于这个前提下，没有其他因素【干扰因素】。D说明两者没有存在其他干扰因素。
类比
唯一一个野生的地方
最古老的家养的地方
加强的话，找到相似点即排除不一样的点，天气情况同。
MARK. 本题的根本在于读懂题意。
第一句：Traces of cultivated emmer wheat have been found among...
说的是：我们在很多地方都发现了曾经种植EW的痕迹 (以前啊以前)
第二句：The only place where the wild form of emmer wheat has been found growing is...
(使用了has been found growing进行时说明现在仍是这样) 说的是：目前存活的只有出现在Asia某地
由此，一个比较牵强的逻辑链就形成了
因：虽然EW曾经在许多地方都种植过，但是目前留存的就在一个地方—Asia某地
果：EW最初是在Asia某地开始种植的
因此要strengthen这个逻辑链，就要排除他因，即(D)从那时到现在气候没有什么变化
关于(E)：肯定是无关选项
1. 管你容不容易分辨，现在就是一锤定音了，我们发现的就是EW，改变不了什么吧？
2. 就算是承认现在分辨错了，那么现在仅存的植物就不是EW了，逻辑链崩了，要说也起码是weaken
为什么只有这一个地方有野生小麦，是不是因为这个地方最早种植小麦？D选项取非说发展农业之前气候变了，也就是说攻击了这里可以种小麦。气候变了可能种不出来了
E小麦最早发现的种植痕迹在strip那里→曾经很多地方都有它的种植痕迹→现在只有strip这里有wild e小麦了。推断：strip是最早的种植e小麦的地方。加强：strip的环境自古以来没怎么变过。D选项可以解释这种特定环境是e小麦需要的，如果strip环境一直没变，则可以推断以前wild e小麦也是在这里出现的
果因。排除它因加强推理。
错选E
the evidence in the argument is based on where this strain of wheat has been found growing, NOW in modern times (as you can tell from the present perfect, "has been found growing"). if we're going to argue about the domestication of this wheat, in ancient times, then we need to know that the same conditions that prevail now also prevailed back then.
this is why (d) strengthens the argument. without (d), it's irrelevant where this wheat grows today.
因果推理
选项加强因果联系
In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.
他因排除加强
This option says climatic conditions have not changed. Because agriculture, cultivation require specific climate condition for each kind of crop, whatever ( wild wheat in this case ) HAS BEEN GROWING COULD HAVE GROWN AT THAT TIME (when cultivated wheat was found ) AT THAT LOCATION as well !
Even if you are not convinced, keep it aside coz neither is it irrelevant nor does it weaken.
choice (b) basically just says that wild emmer wheat can be domesticated. this is something we already know, since the wheat was domesticated by the ancient peoples!
the only knowledge added by choice (b) is the notion that the wild strain of wheat can be cultivated very quickly; this does not help us in any way in resolving the question at hand, which is to figure out the geographic location at which ancient people first domesticated the wheat.
C. The nutritional content of emmer wheat is irrelevant to the question of where it was first domesticated.
D. Correct. If climate conditions have not changed much in the strip, it's unlikely that the natural geographical growing range of wild emmer wheat has shifted. Therefore, it's more likely that wild emmer wheat has grown only in the same strip since it was first cultivated.
A. This raises the possibility that wild emmer wheat, einkorn wheat, might once have grown in a larger area and hence might have first been domesticated outside that narrow strip--contrary to what is argued in the passage.
B. If wild emmer wheat already produces high yields, it may not have been domesticated very thoroughly, but that does not indicate where the wheat was first domesticated.
If wild emmer wheat used to grow elsewhere, it might have first been cultivated elsewhere and reached the village sites through trade. Therefore, look for an answer option providing evidence that wild emmer wheat has grown only in that strip since it was first cultivated.
Reasoning
What would provide the most additional evidence that wild emmer wheat was first domesticated in the strip of south west Asia where it now grows? The argument is that since wild emmer wheat is only found in that strip, and the oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat are at village sites in the same area, emmer wheat must have first been cultivated there. This assumes that wild emmer wheat has grown in just the same strip since it was first cultivated.
果因推理，d的加强就是砍掉其他的他因。
果因推理吗？