The city has proposed a number of water treatment and conservation projects the cost of which raises water bills high enough so that even environmentalists are beginning to raise alarms.
the cost of which raises water bills high enough so that
at a cost raising water bills so high that
at a cost which raises water bills high enough so
whose cost will raise water bills so high that
whose cost will raise water bills high enough so that
题目分析:
本题意思是:城市提出了一些保护式的条款,这些条款的成本会让水费的价格上升,如此以至于有一些环保主义者甚至都会感到警示。
选项分析:
选项A:首先,the cost of which可以看作一个名词,但是,名词不能做后置定语,只能做前置定语。例如:
(1) woman teacher
(2) **teacher woman
(1)是正确的,woman是名词,这里做teacher的定语。(2)是错误的(也不能说完全错,只不过如果想表达“女教师”,一般不这么用)。
另外,enough和连词so that在语意上有赘余,都表示“足以,就怎么样”。
选项B:raising water bill是现在分词短语,在本选项中做定语修饰名词a cost。整个at a cost raising water bill是介词短语,作定语修饰projects。在逻辑上,应该是“项目的成本”而不是“在成本上的项目(at表示“在”)”,因此,应该用whose引导定语从句修饰projects,不能用介词短语。
选项C:at a cost介词短语错误同(B);enough和连词so that在语意上赘余错误同(A)。
选项D:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
选项E:enough和连词so that在语意上赘余错误同(A)。
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at a cost: 以...为代价,以...为成本
raising修饰cost,导致前半句的核心意思变成city propose sth at a cost,整个句子的意思就不对了,类似 the victory is achieved at a great cost.
at a cost: 以...为代价,以...为成本
原句没有想表达“以…为代价”的意思;
at a cost【表示…为代价】容易导致修饰歧义,修饰动词propose。句子意思变为,那个城市以什么样的代价,提出了许多水治理和保护的项目。原句意思是要表达,城市提出了许多水治理和保护的项目,这个项目的成本实在太高了、高到即使是环境学家也开始提出警告。
B changes the meaning if you read carefully.
It says city proposal are done at a cost (opportunity cost) instead of conveying the cause and effect (will lead to increase) that D provides. The City proposal will lead to the increase in cost. at a cost means opportunity
所以其实b在表达上也是对的(我错选b了),只不过b的意思不是句子更偏向的意思嘛? 懂了 谢谢~
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如果是at a cost,就变成the city proposed projects at a cost... 意思就改变了
at a cost: 以...为代价,以...为成本
at a cost 以什么为代价
选项E:enough和连词so that在语意上赘余错误同(A)。
如果是at a cost,就变成the city proposed projects at a cost... 意思就改变了
at a cost: 以...为代价,以...为成本
在逻辑上,应该是“项目的成本”而不是“在成本上的项目(at表示“在”)”,因此,应该用whose引导定语从句修饰projects,不能用介词短语。
B的介词短语既可能修饰名词water treatment and conservation projects也可能修饰动词propose,故存在歧义,而D定语从句只能修饰名词water treatment and conservation projects,故不存在歧义,更优。
A.非限定性定语从,the cost of which前要加逗号,enough so that繁琐;so that不好;
B.raising修饰cost,导致前半句的核心意思变成city propose sth at a cost,整个句子的意思就不对了,类似 the victory is achieved at a great cost.
C.同B,句子意思改变了。enough so不对;
E.enough so that不对
另外,D的时态更好,与前边完成时搭配。
错选B,如果用at a cost那么就是说去propose这件事所花费的成本。不对。
at a cost:以XXX为成本、代价
B: at a cost raising.. raising的时态adopt主句的时态has proposed, 不符合逻辑, 应该用will raise表示将来
B. projects.at a cost (raising water bills so high) that even environmentalists are beginning to raise alarms
(raising)在这里是noun modifier修饰cost,句意是water bills so high导致后面的动作,这里变成了projects,导致so的位置也很尴尬,重心不对
at a cost 介宾结构修饰动词have proposed
at a cost: 以...为代价,以...为成本
做状语修饰proposed,即propose a number of water...projects的代价是提高水费,不合理。
enough和so that 的矛盾
B:rasing主语不清楚;且可能含有“正在发生”的意义,与前面完成时不符合
另外AC中的一般进行时也不太恰当
sentence structure: The city has proposed a number of water treatment and conservation projects ( main clause)
whose cost will raise water bills so high( modify projects)
that even environmentalists are beginning to raise alarms ( that+ clause)
so ..that...
答案C, which 前面一定要加“,”
选项B:raising water bill是现在分词短语,在本选项中做定语修饰名词a cost。整个at a cost raising water bill是介词短语,作定语修饰projects。在逻辑上,应该是“项目的成本”而不是“在成本上的项目(at表示“在”)”,因此,应该用whose引导定语从句修饰projects,不能用介词短语。
Whose 可以修饰物