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题库 / Prep2007E2-SC-105
2001 proved to be the automaker's first losing year since 1992, when the company had lost $7.4 billion, which was primarily because of almost $7 billion in accounting charges.
when the company had lost $7.4 billion, which was primarily because of
when the company had lost $7.4 billion, primarily resulting from
when the company lost $7.4 billion, primarily because of
which is when the company lost $7.4 billion, and that was primarily because of
which is when the company lost $7.4 billion, primarily resulting from
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ing形式的状语逻辑主语是最近句子的主语，修饰整个句子或者动词。应该是loss result from而不能是company result from
我觉得这个解释是最好的。。。
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B选项中：
A result from B
AB都必须是名词或者名词词组，不能是句子！所以按照这个原则，成了company result from 。而原本应该是the company had lost $7.4 billion result from才对。
1、resulting from前面不加逗号可作形容词修饰语
if something results from 'X', then 'X' happens FIRST.
in the structure 'sentence + , + __ing...', the modifier NEVER describes something that happens before the main sentence.
2、*Noun/ noun phrase + resulting from + noun/noun phrase
---> "resulting from" modifies only preceding noun / noun phrase.
3、句子中除了loss没有随后发生的动作时点，用一般现在时。
4、SVO, because of + noun/ noun phrase
----> "because of" can modify the whole clause preceding it. That's why the usage of "because of" can totally convey intended meaning of the sentence.
至于时态，我们用过去完成时来表示两个过去动作中较早的一个动作，这样可以使顺序更清楚。在这种情况下，我们有特定的日期，所以我们不需要使用完美时态——时序已经很清楚了。
"resulting from" is used only to modify nouns: the NOUN resulting from NOUN/PHRASE, eliminate B & E
"had lost", eliminate A
resulting from前后都只能加名词／介宾短语，改为the fact that the company lost...
个人认为B中resulting from错误与否比较难发现，最明显的排除点还是语态had lost.
B：company result from 明显不合逻辑
Noun/ noun phrase + resulting from + noun/noun phrase
---> "resulting from" modifies only preceding noun / noun phrase.
While according to intended meaning, [the fact that the company lost.....] is the result of "almost $7 billion in accounting charges", the usage of "resulting from" makes us feel as if "the company" is the result instead.---> Intended meaning is changed.
SVO, because of + noun/ noun phrase
----> "because of" can modify the whole clause preceding it. That's why the usage of "because of" can totally convey intended meaning of the sentence.
if you see comma + 'resulting from', you can eliminate it.
you can have it as an adjective modifier, without a comma - as in the following sentence:
the flooding resulting from the abnormally strong storms had left six inches of standing water in the street.
note that the boldface is an adjective modifier, modifying 'flooding'.
...but its meaning clashes fundamentally with the usage of comma + __ing.
if something results from 'X', then 'X' happens FIRST.
in the structure 'sentence + , + __ing...', the modifier NEVER describes something that happens before the main sentence.
注意此处的时态，此处说明的是过去的一个时间点，并没有构成现在完成时态或者过去完成时态。此题不应该错，做题要细心严谨。自我劝诫。
if we're going to say "had lost", we need to name another subsequent event/circumstance that either (a) ended that trend or (b) was affected by that trend.
the key is that you don't use past perfect unless you have 2 past time markers, the earlier of which has a distinct impact on, or relevance to, the later.
in fact, if two past events are unrelated and in sequence, the normal convention is simply to use the regular past tense twice in a row. for instance, we went to the restaurant, and then went to the show.