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题库 / Prep2008E1-SC-182
The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign—using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced the Department of Agriculture to change the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food.
using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced
using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—that has convinced
by using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing
by the use of Web sites, public meetings, as well as mass mailings—that convinced
which used Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing
题目分析：
破折号中的using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings是插入语，不影响主干结构，因此本题的主干为：
The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign that has convinced the Department of Agriculture
选项分析：
A选项：定语从句that have convinced the Department of Agriculture的先行词应为a successful grassroots campaign，即，这个草根运动劝服了the Department of Agriculture。因此，由于campaign是单数，所以应将have convinced改为单数动词has convinced。另外，also是副词，表示“也”，和并列连词and之间在语意上重复。
B选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
C选项：介词短语in convincing the Department of Agriculture需改为定语从句 that has convinced the Department of Agriculture。这是因为，介词身后只能是动名词短语，而动名词短语在字面上没有主语。例如，我们说，a bag for sleeping，这个词的意思是，睡袋。这完全不等同于a bag that sleeps（一个bag没法睡觉）。在本题语境下，发出convince这个动作的肯定是a successful grassroots campaign，即，草根运动劝服了政府，因此必须用定语从句。
D选项：并列连词and不能换为as well as，as well as使mass mailings与前两项变为从属或递进关系，而在逻辑上，网站，公众集会，广发邮件应是单纯的并列关系。
E选项：介词短语in convincing the Department of Agriculture错误同(C)。
并列连词and不能换为as well as，as well as使mass mailings与前两项变为从属或递进关系
仔细体会that定语从句，和in doing介宾结构的区别
that has convinced造成两个事件的顺序是：先campaign，再change（有点campaign为因，change为果的意思）
in convincing指的是我在convincing这件事上做出的努力之一是我organize a campaign。先有change的想法，再campaign（有点change为因，campaign为果的意思）
（A）......，and also...... and和also在语意上是重复的 先行词是 campaign，后面动词应用单数
（B） ✅
（C）in doing需要句子的动词是doing这个动作的一部分
（D）（E）不平行
关键在successful上
A：also是副词, and also都是可以的；have convinced找不到先行词；
C：描述名词的时候，一个用定语从句、一个是介词短语，它们的主要区别在于定语从句的连词是没有任何含义的，而介词短语的介词作为定语的话，介词in, on, at等都具有自己的含义；
in convincing，在说服里面…
D：as well as可以作连词或者副词，as well as有强弱关系，后者更弱势一些
E：in convincing 在说服里面，错
e.g.
i solved all the problems in OG12 in preparing for the GMAT.
--> notice that solving the problems IS ACTUALLY PART OF preparing for the test.
choice (c) fails here, too, since organizing the campaign (the main clause) is not ACTUALLY PART OF convincing the government.
The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign—using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced
硬错误：①A选项中的that have=>that has ②D中的A,B as well as C，不对，as well as并不是完全的并列，它侧重了前半部分，后半部分是作为从属关系出现的。
软错误：注意体会如 I DID A IN DOING B 这里想要如果是in doing的话就表达的是有点儿像：为了做B,所以我did了A,这个和A中的that have done并不是很一样
by Ving 暗示主语是主句主语，in Ving 没有主语！！！！
介宾短语的动名词没有主语问题！！！！！！！again
动名词与从句的区别:动名词在句子中间没有逻辑主语，如果要加逻辑主语，必须使用所有格。发出convince这个动作的肯定是a successful grassroots campaign，即，草根运动劝服了政府，因此必须用定语从句。
此外by doing must explain how the main clause occured。放置于本题就是说明，组织运动的方式是using。。。但实际上应该是这个活动本身运用这些东西。所以这里不选C选 B
CD中by的用法不对，如果是by的话，也就意味着organize a campaign是通过用互联网等等，不对，因为使用互联网等等是campaign所用的手段。 in conceiving的用法不对，这个用法意味着organize a campaign是conceive the department...的一部分，显然也不是。
关于C选项的解释，发出convince这个动作的难道不能是the organic food industry吗
* if you say "subject + clause + BY VERBing", then "by VERBing" must explain HOW the main clause occurred.
* if you say "subject + clause + IN VERBing", then subject + clause must be an ACTUAL PART of the action of VERBing.
"as well as ..." is a MODIFIER, and thus can be stricken from the sentence without affecting the surrounding grammar，"as well as" is NOT a replacement for "and".
破折号中的using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings是插入语
介词短语in convincing the Department of Agriculture需改为定语从句 that has convinced the Department of Agriculture。这是因为，介词身后只能是动名词短语，而动名词短语在字面上没有主语。例如，我们说，a bag for sleeping，这个词的意思是，睡袋。这完全不等同于a bag that sleeps（一个bag没法睡觉）。在本题语境下，发出convince这个动作的肯定是a successful grassroots campaign，即，草根运动劝服了政府，因此必须用定语从句。
if you say "subject + clause + BY VERBing", then "by VERBing" must explain HOW the main clause occurred.
choice (c) means that using websites, etc. was how the industry organized the campaign -- in other words, they used the websites and public meetings to organize the campaign in the first place. that's an incorrect meaning.
(the campaign ITSELF used these things; the correct modifier in (a) and (b) shows that relationship.)
Ron的解释是没有A, B, as well as C这种说法。表示三者并列的唯一表达方式是A, B, and C
老师，请问E项的which有错吗？我的理解是这里用的是限制性定语从句所以只能用that，不能用which。
if you say "subject + clause + IN VERBing", then subject + clause must be an ACTUAL PART of the action of VERBing.
e.g.
i solved all the problems in OG12 in preparing for the GMAT.
--> notice that solving the problems IS ACTUALLY PART OF preparing for the test.
choice (c) fails here, too, since organizing the campaign (the main clause) is not ACTUALLY PART OF convincing the government.
a, b, and c这种结构不是要是句子才能加第二个逗号吗