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题库 / GMATLA-SC-10
Unlike the body's inflammatory response to cuts and sprains, with widespread swelling and stiffness immobilizing the injured area until it heals, the body's response to sunburn is more localized and resulting in a distinct line dividing affected and unaffected areas of the skin.
with widespread swelling and stiffness immobilizing the injured area until it heals, the body's response to sunburn is more localized and resulting
where the injured area is immobilized with widespread swelling and stiffness until it has healed, sunburn generates a more localized response in the body, which results instead
with the injured area immobilized by means of widespread swelling and stiffness until healing, sunburn generates a more localized response in the body, one resulting
in which widespread swelling and stiffness immobilize the injured area until it has healed, the body's more localized response to sunburn results
in which widespread swelling and stiffness immobilize the injured area until healing, instead, the body's more localized response to sunburn results
题目分析：
本题难度主要在于词汇难以理解。从考点来说，由于句首出现了一个介词unlike，我们很容易明白这个题考的是“比较”。
选项分析：
A选项：本选项有两处错误。第一，with widespread swelling and stiffness immobilizing the injured area是一个独立主格结构，我们应该将其改为一个非限制性定语从句。这是因为，独立主格结构和其主句之间没有语法关系，也就是说，我们无从得知immobilize这件事是否讲的是the body's inflammatory response。相反地，如果是用in which widespread swelling and stiffness immobilize the injured area，那么先行词the body's inflammatory response可以在该从句中充当状语，即，widespread swelling and stiffness immobilize the injured area in the body's inflammatory response。第二，本选项中的主句是一个合句，并列的两句话为：the body's response to sunburn is more localized和the body's response to sunburn is resulting in a distinct line dividing affected and unaffected areas of the skin。但是显然地，这两句话并不具有并列关系，即，“身体对太阳灼烧的反应更加区域化”和“身体对太阳灼烧的反应导致一些什么特点”之间不具备并列关系。
B选项：unlike连接两者不可比。应该比较的是身体的两个反应，而不是身体反应和sunburn。
C选项：独立主格错误同选项(A)；比较错误同选项(B)。
D选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
E选项：句首出现的unlike已经表示两者的比较了，不需要在主句前再加instead了，即，instead是赘余的。
Unlike类型的题目。
①比较对象为”the body's response to“, 排除 BC
②”Unlike the body's inflammatory response to cuts and sprains“句子结构完整，因此在下一个主语出现前的部分用于修饰前句。
A. with + n + doing，表明 the body's inflammatory response的具体内容，但后半句中”is more localized“ 与”resulting“是”and“连接的平行结构，形式不正确，可以改为”is more localized, resulting..."或者”is more localized and results...."
E. “instead” 多余
"until healing" would apply to the subject "swelling and stiffness". those don't heal; the injured area does. therefore, you need a construction that changes the subject to "the injured area" -- or a pronoun that stands for those words, as in the actual correct answer.
D. in which = in this situation.
until it has healed时态没问题，强调condition的情况可以用完成时，e.g.： She will pay when you have taken out the garbage.
inflammatory response to cuts and sprains对应more localized response to sunburn完美
C. 错在with，独立主格表原因，方式，伴随，这里句意都不合适
划重点，什么时候用with，什么时候用in which
后半部分与前半部分没有语法关系用with，有语法关系用in which
②”Unlike the body's inflammatory response to cuts and sprains“句子结构完整，因此在下一个主语出现前的部分用于修饰前句。
A. with + n + doing，表明 the body's inflammatory response的具体内容，但后半句中”is more localized“ 与”resulting“是”and“连接的平行结构，形式不正确，可以改为”is more localized, resulting..."或者”is more localized and results...."
"until healing" would apply to the subject "swelling and stiffness". those don't heal; the injured area does. therefore, you need a construction that changes the subject to "the injured area" -- or a pronoun that stands for those words, as in the actual correct answer.
"until healing" would apply to the subject "swelling and stiffness". those don't heal; the injured area does. therefore, you need a construction that changes the subject to "the injured area" -- or a pronoun that stands for those words, as in the actual correct answer.
D中的it指代injured area
感觉解释有些问题，补充一下Ron大神的吧
关于A 错主要错在parallel：
the most black-and-white error in (a) -- and the one you should be most on top of, given the importance of the topic -- is its lack of parallelism.
"... and resulting" isn't parallel to anything, so that choice is wrong.
*with用法无错，但句意有错， eg"UNTIL an injury HEALS"无意义
（remember—you should not even look at the answer choices until you understand EXACTLY what the sentence is supposed to mean, and EXACTLY what each word/phrase/group of words is supposed to DO.）
关于D 的in which：
To date, GMAC has only used "which" to modify two kinds of things:
"- Noun
"- Noun + prep + other noun
"... , in which..." (like "... , which...") can modify (i) a noun, or (ii) a noun1 + (preposition + noun2), where the stuff in parentheses modifies noun1.
this is also "noun1 + (preposition + noun2)", with noun2 = "cuts and sprains".
E选项错误原因：
【引用】
"until healing" would apply to the subject "swelling and stiffness". those don't heal; the injured area does. therefore, you need a construction that changes the subject to "the injured area" -- or a pronoun that stands for those words, as in the actual correct answer.
the response is localized 和 the response results ... 没有并列关系，
with引导独立主格，这里句意并没有伴随关系，in which好
widespread swelling and stiffness immobilize the injured area in the body's inflammatory response
错选e，d中的it指代injured area
E：until healing歧义，作为状语修饰谓语，而谓语的发起者是主语，healing的主语变成了 widespread swelling and stiffness，但从逻辑上heal的主语应该是injured area ；until和as一样，做介词或连词，介词后面加名词 比如 until 1994
，连词后面加句子 until it has healed；句首的unlike已经表示两者的比较了，instead是赘余的。
所以选了until it has healed
instead 赘余
immobilize 使固定不动
unlike 需要平行结构，所以“the body's more localized response to sunburn”更符合，in which 从句需要verb，healing是动名词，不是动词，只能选has healed
the most black-and-white error in (a) -- and the one you should be most on top of, given the importance of the topic -- is its lack of parallelism.
"... and resulting" isn't parallel to anything,
"until healing" would apply to the subject "swelling and stiffness". those don't heal; the injured area does. therefore, you need a construction that changes the subject to "the injured area" -- or a pronoun that stands for those words, as in the actual correct answer.
错选A 独立主格
独立主格结构和其主句之间没有语法关系，也就是说，我们无从得知immobilize这件事是否讲的是the body's inflammatory response。相反地，如果是用in which widespread swelling and stiffness immobilize the injured area，那么先行词the body's inflammatory response可以在该从句中充当状语，即，widespread swelling and stiffness immobilize the injured area in the body's inflammatory response。
instead 赘余
（until healing主语不明确？）
A：同时and连接is more localized和resulting，这两者并没有什么并列关系
B：where错误；unlike的比较对象错误
C：同B
E：until healing歧义，作为状语修饰谓语，而谓语的发起者是主语，healing的主语变成了 widespread swelling and stiffness，但从逻辑上heal的主语应该是injured area ；until和as一样，做介词或连词，介词后面加名词 比如 until 1994
，连词后面加句子 until it has healed；句首的unlike已经表示两者的比较了，instead是赘余的。
A中，unlike后的部分不是一个完整句子，用独立主格结构很可能修饰到response to sunburn is这个句子上；同时and连接is more localized和resulting，这两者并没有什么并列关系
B中，where错误，unlike短语与主语不对应
C中，和AB一致
E中，until healing歧义，作为状语修饰谓语，而谓语的发起者是主语，那么就是until swelling and fitness healing