United States Senator Daniel Inouye was appointed to several posts within the Democratic party during his first term, that included assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee.
that included
which includes
including
some of which were
among them being
题目分析:
本题需要充分掌握定语从句和分词短语的概念。另外,非限定性定语从句要用which引导,而限定性定语从句要用that引导。
选项分析:
A选项:首先,由于定语从句that included assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee身前有逗号,所以其必然为非限定性定语从句。在语法上,非限定性定语从句不能用连词that引导。另外,include的时态也有错误。在逻辑上,虽然DI是一个存在于过去的人,但是他担任过的职位应该是一个客观的事实(事实不同于事件,事实是没有发生时间的,是一直存在的),不存在于时空之中,应该用一般现在时。
B选项:根据句意,定语从句应该修饰several posts,即,复数。应将includes改为include。
C选项:Correct。本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。including assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee此处是介词短语,因为including是介词(这和绝大多数的ving不同,大部分的ving都是分词)。ing短语在句末,除了可以充当伴随状语之外,还可以充当定语,本题中including短语即为posts的定语。
D选项:some of which的意思是“这里面的某些”。而include表示的是“包括”。如果我们用include,则这些职位有可能就两个,也有可能是两个以上。例如,如果说:“汽车包括奔驰和宝马”,则我们不知道汽车是否还有别的品牌,有可能有,也有可能没有。但如果用some of which(其中的一些),则其表示职位(posts)肯定不止assistant majority whip和vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee这两个。在逻辑上,我们无从得知DI是否还有其它的职位,因此应该用inculude。
E选项:among表示三者或三者以上,该错误同选项(B)。
d) is incorrect because it misuses a "which" construction.
all constructions built on preposition + "which" - such as of which, from which, some of which, with which, etc. - must be used in the same way as "which" itself.
in this case, the "which" is trying to refer to "several posts", which is way too far away from the comma to be acceptable.
if this is really a gmat problem, then the quality of those problems is declining at an alarming rate (or the problem writers were asleep, drunk, etc. when they wrote this problem ... ugh)
post n.岗位
A选项:①首先,由于定语从句that included assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee【身前有逗号】,所以其必然为【非限定性定语从句】。在语法上,非限定性定语从句不能用连词that引导(非限定性定语从句要用which引导,而限定性定语从句要用that引导。)。
②另外,include的时态也有错误。在逻辑上,虽然DI是一个存在于过去的人,但是他担任过的职位应该是一个客观的事实【"事实"'不同于"事件",事实是没有发生时间的,是一直存在的】,不存在于时空之中,应该用一般现在时。
C选项:Correct。本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。including assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee此处是介词短语,因为including是介词(这和绝大多数的ving不同,大部分的ving都是分词)。ing短语在句末,除了可以充当伴随状语之外,还可以充当定语,本题中including短语即为posts的定语。(including是介词,充当定语。「,介宾」仍然认为是状语就好。 【,including】是唯一的例外记住就好啦(老师在prep12某道题的视频讲解中说过),作为定语修饰前面的一个NOUN。不要一见到【,including】就误当成状语排除。)
d) is incorrect because it misuses a "which" construction.
all constructions built on preposition + "which" - such as of which, from which, some of which, with which, etc. - must be used in the same way as "which" itself.
in this case, the "which" is trying to refer to "several posts", which is way too far away from the comma to be acceptable.
if this is really a gmat problem, then the quality of those problems is declining at an alarming rate (or the problem writers were asleep, drunk, etc. when they wrote this problem ... ugh)
一 非限定性定语从句要用which引导,而限定性定语从句要用that引导
二 在逻辑上,虽然DI是一个存在于过去的人,但是他担任过的职位应该是一个客观的事实(事实不同于事件,事实是没有发生时间的,是一直存在的),不存在于时空之中,应该用一般现在时
三 which 离posts 太远了,隔着1 within the Democratic party 2 during his first term
C选项:Correct。本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。including assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee此处是介词短语,因为including是介词(这和绝大多数的ving不同,大部分的ving都是分词)。ing短语在句末,除了可以充当伴随状语之外,还可以充当定语,本题中including短语即为posts的定语。
D选项:some of which的意思是“这里面的某些”。而include表示的是“包括”。如果我们用include,则这些职位有可能就两个,也有可能是两个以上。例如,如果说:“汽车包括奔驰和宝马”,则我们不知道汽车是否还有别的品牌,有可能有,也有可能没有。但如果用some of which(其中的一些),则其表示职位(posts)肯定不止assistant majority whip和vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee这两个。在逻辑上,我们无从得知DI是否还有其它的职位,因此应该用inculude。
知识点1:事实不同于事件,事实是没有发生时间的,是一直存在的),不存在于时空之中,应该用一般现在时。 知识点2:some of which和include的区别
知识点3: including是介词,充当定语。「,介宾」仍然认为是状语就好。 【,including】是唯一的例外记住就好啦(老师在prep12某道题的视频讲解中说过),作为定语修饰前面的一个NOUN。不要一见到【,including】就误当成状语排除。
C:先行词作为宾语从句的主语时,从句可以简化。
A选项:首先,由于定语从句that included assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee身前有逗号,所以其必然为非限定性定语从句。在语法上,非限定性定语从句不能用连词that引导。另外,include的时态也有错误。在逻辑上,虽然DI是一个存在于过去的人,但是他担任过的职位应该是一个客观的事实(事实不同于事件,事实是没有发生时间的,是一直存在的),不存在于时空之中,应该用一般现在时。
noun modifier要touch修饰的n,【,including】是个例外 额。。。
非限制性定语从句不能用that
comma + "including"...
...elaborates on a NOUN that comes before it (possibly a noun + modifiers);
AND
...is followed by only SOME, NOT ALL, of what that noun encompasses.
some of which 和including
D选项:some of which的意思是“这里面的某些”。而include表示的是“包括”。如果我们用include,则这些职位有可能就两个,也有可能是两个以上。例如,如果说:“汽车包括奔驰和宝马”,则我们不知道汽车是否还有别的品牌,有可能有,也有可能没有。但如果用some of which(其中的一些),则其表示职位(posts)肯定不止assistant majority whip和vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee这两个。指代的主体本身就扩大了,在逻辑上,我们无从得知DI是否还有其它的职位,因此应该用inculude。
余下考虑单复数和语义,正确的只有C
但是 include 不能完全列举,说明职位也是两个以上的,语意上同some of which是一样的呀
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真的不懂,之前小钰儿老师说用逗号隔开的介词短语是状语,现在怎么成定语了啊?太难了
【,介宾】仍然认为是状语就好。 【,including】是唯一的例外记住就好啦(老师在prep12某道题的视频讲解中说过),作为定语修饰前面的一个NOUN。不要一见到【,including】就误当成状语排除。
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A:that限制性定语从句,不能和先行词隔开;which非限制性定语从句,可以和先行词隔开——区别在于在连词前加不加逗号,逗号是为了隔开定语从句和先行词,因此语法错;
B:includes 单数
C: including不是伴随,是普通定语
D:some of,某一些;从原句当中读不出来是“哪一些”
E:among them being是独立主格,两者用between三者用among,和D一样不确定到底是哪个;
D的some of which , 不用过去时,因为现在也包括,只是现在不承担了。 同时some of which说的是担任的职务不仅仅包括这两个,including是既可以只有这两个,也可以不只有这两个。including更准确一点,因为我们也不知道是否只有这两个。
想问一个题外的问题,关于这个which的具体指代,官方也没给很明确的答案,ron解答说这道题的which不能指到前面的posts,但是我怎么记得也有说which一定是指核心词的····
注意体会 some of which 和 including 带来的含义上的不同
If used to introduce a partial list of something, "INCLUDING" should NOT be considered an "__ing modifier".
In fact, you should think of the word "including", in these contexts, as though it didn't end with "-ing" at all.
comma + "including"...
...elaborates on a NOUN that comes before it (possibly a noun + modifiers);
AND
...is followed by only SOME, NOT ALL, of what that noun encompasses.
A选项:首先,由于定语从句that included assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee身前有逗号,所以其必然为非限定性定语从句。在语法上,非限定性定语从句不能用连词that引导。另外,include的时态也有错误。在逻辑上,虽然DI是一个存在于过去的人,但是他担任过的职位应该是一个客观的事实(事实不同于事件,事实是没有发生时间的,是一直存在的),不存在于时空之中,应该用一般现在时。