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题库 / Prep2007E2-SC-131
Today's technology allows manufacturers to make small cars more fuel-efficient now than at any time in their production history.
small cars more fuel-efficient now than at any time in their
small cars that are more fuel-efficient than they were at any time in their
small cars that are more fuel-efficient than those at any other time in
more fuel-efficient small cars than those at any other time in their
more fuel-efficient small cars now than at any time in
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In general, the point of "that" and "those" is to stand for nouns without any attached modifiers/descriptions.
There's an explicit contrast with "it" and "they", which stand for a noun with all of the attached modifiers.
Choice E is still wrong, because it doesn't say "any other time".
"Any time" includes now. So, according to choice E, they can make more cars now than at any time"”"”including now!
Nonsense. X can't be more than X.
I'm going to make air conditioners quieter. --> I'm going to modify existing air conditioners so that they make less noise.
I'm going to make quieter air conditioners.
I'm going to make air conditioners that are quieter.
--> I'm going to make a new model that makes less noise.
A is like the first one of these, so it doesn't make sense in context.
sprinters in texas can run faster than they can in north dakota.
--> illogical; in this sentence, "they" would be taken to mean "sprinters in texas" (i.e., not just sprinters).
sprinters in texas can run faster than those in north dakota.
--> makes sense; "those" = sprinters, in this case.
same thing with "they/their" vs. "those" in these instances.
1.AE 的now 多余，因为句子today‘s XXXX allows都表述了now这个涵义。
2. ABE at any time错，CD的at any other time正确，因为any time包含Today或者now这个时间段。
3. DE的make more f-e small cars than ....语法上more形容词修饰cars，导致语义错误，翻译大约为“现在的科技比历史上任何其他时期都可以制造更多的f-e的小车”，比较的重点成了对比过去，现在可以制造更多XXX样的小车。
4. C正确表达了可以制造更加f-e的小车，more做副词修饰f-e形容词, 而且是这些小车比历史上任何其他时间的小车都更加more f-e..
more fuel-efficient small cars有歧义 more可以修饰efficient或者cars
A中more fuel-efficient作宾补，是说厂商把（现在的）小车变得更有效率。
more【fuel-efficient small】cars：词组的核心意思是更多的车，而这些车是经济省油的【more fuel-efficient】small cars：更经济省油的小车
A：现代科技 能使小车在现在比在过去省油。语义存在逻辑错误
at any other time；比较对象是车，不是时段；
a比较的是时间状语，意思是小车［现在比过去更节能］，而句子想表达的意思是［现在制造的小车］比［过去制造的小车］更节能。比较的应该是宾语而不是时间状语。
at any time包含now错误 应用at any other time
their指代cars错误 应用those不完全指代用法
句子意思不合理：表时间的副词结构now和at any time in their production history比较，现代科技 能使小车在现在比在过去省油。语义存在逻辑错误
the sentence is supposed to say that today's small cars are more fuel-efficient than previous small cars -- i.e., OTHER small cars.
this is important, because you can't use a "they"/"their" construction (which would illogically imply that you're talking about the same small cars mentioned in the first part of the sentence).
当指代的不是同一个事物，不能用they/their, 用those更好
A make cars adj，svoc结构
B make cars 定从，svo结构；较于a，b更优：描述的是cars本身的特性而非赋予他的新特性；但their指代所有特征，错
C good
DE more的修饰有歧义，修饰adj or cars
A的意思是使小汽车更节能
BC的意思是制造出更节能的小汽车
DE的意思是制造更多的节能车
BC的意思更合逻辑，而B里面用代词they表示同一批汽车，不对，应该用those，选C
仔细看了解释和题目，应该就是几点：
1）at any time 和 at other time 把握对
2）比较对象分清。句义的意思是：现在造出的车，比汽车生产史上其它任何时候造出来的车要更省油。也就是“现在的车”和“史上其他任何时候的车”比。所以那些指代不明的，比时间的，用 they （同一批还是现在的车在过去，这没法比）而不用those（不具体指代）都不正确。
1.AE 的now 多余，因为句子today‘s XXXX allows都表述了now这个涵义。
2. ABE at any time错，CD的at any other time正确，因为any time包含Today或者now这个时间段。
3. DE的make more f-e small cars than ....语法上more形容词修饰cars，导致语义错误，翻译大约为“现在的科技比历史上任何其他时期都可以制造更多的f-e的小车”，比较的重点成了对比过去，现在可以制造更多XXX样的小车。
4. C正确表达了可以制造更加f-e的小车，more做副词修饰f-e形容词, 而且是这些小车比历史上任何其他时间的小车都更加more f-e..
从 CD 网上找的大家总结的解释，不知道能不能有帮助。反正我是彻底晕了。
(A) 比较的是时间状语，比较对象变成now和at any time，现代科技能使小车”在现在比在过去”省油，语义存在逻辑错误；today和Now重复；at any time没有将自身排除在外，应为any other time；their指代不明，逻辑上指代cars，可语法上更倾向于指代manufacturers。
(B) that are more fuel-efficient虽然表达比较繁复，但使意思清楚，没有歧义；they指代cars that are more fuel-efficient(包括small cars的修饰词)，表达了前后是同一批cars，既出现在现在，还要出现在任何生产史的阶段，应该用those来指代前面的cars（those为核心词指代）；at any time没有将自身排除在外，应为any other time；their指代不明同A。
(C) Correct；that are more fuel-efficient虽然表达比较繁复，但使意思清楚，没有歧义；those合理的指代了cars，使比较对象对等；at any other time排除了比较的另一段—today，合理；该题目句子合理的意思应该是，现在造出的车，比汽车生产史上其它任何时候造出来的车要更省油；比如说，2005年造出来的车子比2004年造出来的车子省油。而不是某一既定的车子在现在比在过去省油，打个比方说，不应该是某辆车子A在2005年比在它在2004年省油。在构造这个句子时，我们一定要注意这一点，避免形成类似的歧义/逻辑错误。避免这种错误的方法在于，保证句子是名词或代词cars/those之间的比较，而不是表时间的副词或介宾语词组的比较。smallcars that are more fuel-efficient than…这种定语从句结构是没有歧义的。
(D) more fuel-efficient small cars造成adj修饰歧义：more既可修饰fuel-efficient，也可修饰cars；their问题同A。
(E) more fuel-efficient small cars造成adj修饰歧义：more既可修饰fuel-efficient，也可修饰cars；比较对象变成now和at any time；at any time没有将自身排除在外，应为any other time。
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ron：
the sentence is supposed to say that today's small cars are more fuel-efficient than previous small cars -- i.e., OTHER small cars.
this is important, because you can't use a "they"/"their" construction (which would illogically imply that you're talking about the same small cars mentioned in the first part of the sentence).
the use of "those" in (c), on the other hand, accomplishes this distinction nicely.
首先排除 than at any time 因为这样就暗示比较了时间，但是now 和 at any time不平行；其次看句意是车的节能属性比较，而非车的数量的比较；they和those选those 指示代词，不是自己和自己比；