Since the 1930s aircraft manufacturers have tried to build airplanes with frictionless wings, shaped so smoothly and perfectly that the air passing over them would not become turbulent.
wings, shaped so smoothly and perfectly
wings, wings so smooth and so perfectly shaped
wings that are shaped so smooth and perfect
wings, shaped in such a smooth and perfect manner
wings, wings having been shaped smoothly and perfectly so
After coma, “wings” is required because pronoun “them” is present towards the end of the sentence.
For pronoun “them” a clear antecedent is needed. This antecedent will be “wings” which must be placed after coma.
Hence, A, C, and D are incorrect. Moreover in C, instead of adverbs (smoothly and perfectly) adjectives (smooth and perfect) have been used.
Furthermore in D, “smooth and perfect manner” mean “smoothly and perfectly” hence, D is wordier by one word than the sentence was required.
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