Researchers took a group of teenagers who had never smoked and for one year tracked whether they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. Those who began smoking within a month of the study's start were four times as likely to be depressed at the study's end than those who did not begin smoking. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking contributes to depression in teenagers.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
Participants who were depressed at the study's start were no more likely to be smokers at the study's end than those who were not depressed.
Participants who began smoking within a month of the study's start were no more likely than those who began midway through to have quit smoking by the study's end.
Few, if any, of the participants in the study were friends or relatives of other participants.
Some participants entered and emerged from a period of depression within the year of the study.
The researchers did not track use of alcohol by the teenagers.
错选了D 感觉也能加强,回头一看,有some 排除
相关--因果类型,选项A排除了反向即抑郁导致吸烟,则加强
A选项说的是:在实验一开始就抑郁的人 在结束时成为吸烟者的可能性并不比 那些一开始没抑郁的人高。请问这个如何加强了结论“吸烟导致抑郁?”
增强吸烟导致抑郁的正相关性,如果这些在实验一开始就抑郁的人,如果因为其他原因有更大的可能性沉迷吸烟,就不能证明吸烟可以引发抑郁。
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