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题库 / GMATLA-CR-73
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix) is potentially fatal; consequently, patients with symptoms strongly suggesting appendicitis almost always have their appendix removed. The appropriate surgery is low-risk but performed unnecessarily in about 20 percent of all cases. A newly developed internal scan for appendicitis is highly accurate, producing two misdiagnoses for every 98 correct diagnoses. Clearly, using this test, doctors can largely avoid unnecessary removals of the appendix without, however, performing any fewer necessary ones than before, since ______.
the patients who are correctly diagnosed with this test as not having appendicitis invariably have medical conditions that are much less serious than appendicitis
the misdiagnoses produced by this test are always instances of attributing appendicitis to someone who does not, in fact, have it
all of the patients who are diagnosed with this test as having appendicitis do, in fact, have appendicitis
every patient who is diagnosed with this test as having appendicitis has more than one of the symptoms generally associated with appendicitis
the only patients who are misdiagnosed using this test are patients who lack one or more of the symptoms that are generally associated with appendicitis
这道题涉及了检验的两类错误：在进行假设检验时提出原假设和备择假设，原假设实际上是正确的，但我们做出的决定是拒绝原假设，此类错误称为第一类错误。原假设实际上是不正确的，但是我们却做出了接受原假设的决定，此类错误称为第二类错误。
应用到本题，原假设：病人患有阑尾炎。第一类错误：病人确实有阑尾炎，但是没有检测出来；第二类错误：病人没有阑尾炎，却检测成有阑尾炎。
通常人们比较关注的是第一类错误，“宁可错杀三千，不可放过一个”说的就是这个逻辑，“错杀”就是第二类错误，“放过”就是第一类错误
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