扫描二维码，直接登录
题库 / GMATLA-RC-128
Although many lines of evidence indicate that birds evolved from ground-dwelling theropod dinosaurs, some scientists remain unconvinced. They argue that theropods appeared too late to have given rise to birds, noting that Archaeopteryx lithographic - the oldest known bird - appears in the fossil record about 150 million years ago, whereas the fossil remains of various nonavian maniraptor theropods - the closest known relatives of birds - date only to about 115 million years ago. But investigators have now uncovered bones that evidently belong to nonavian maniraptors dating to the time of Archaeopteryx. In any case, failure to find fossils of a predicted kind does not rule out their existence in an undiscovered deposit. Skeptics also argue that the fused clavicles (the "wishbone") of birds differ from the unfused clavicles of theropods. This objection was reasonable when only early theropod clavicles had been discovered, but fossilized theropod clavicles that look just like the wishbone of Archaeopteryx have now been unearthed. Finally, some scientists argue that the complex lungs of birds could not have evolved from theropod lungs, an assertion that cannot be supported or falsified at the moment, because no fossil lungs are preserved in the paleontological record.
Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as an argument made by scientists who are unconvinced that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs?
There are no known theropod dinosaur fossils dating from a period after the time of Archaeopteryx.
There are no known theropod dinosaur fossils that indicate the structure of those dinosaurs' lungs.
Theropod dinosaurs appear in the fossil record about 150 million years ago.
Theropod dinosaurs did not have fused clavicles.
Theropod dinosaurs had certain bones that look just like those of Archaeopteryx.
此讲解的内容由AI生成，还未经人工审阅，仅供参考。
正确答案是 D，原因如下：这篇文章提到，有些科学家仍然不相信鸟类起源于地面猛兽恐龙。他们提出的论点之一是地面猛兽恐龙的肩胛骨（不熔合的）与鸟类的肩胛骨（熔合的）不同。而选项 D 正是这一点，所以答案是 D。
A: 没有theropod的化石出现在鸟的化石之后----这个第一个原因正相反---排除
B:没有theropod的化石显示lung的结构----这是作者反驳第三个原因用的argument：作者认为没有找到表明lung结构相似的化石所以不能说他们就不一样；排除
C;theropod的化石出现在150m年前----这是对原因一的错误表述，原因一说的是鸟的化石出现在150m年前--排除
D--theropod没有fused clavicles， 原因二说的是鸟的fused clavicles和fused clavicles的unfused clavicles不一样，就是说theropod没有fused clavicles，没有这个东西，自然和鸟的这个东西不一样
E: 和原因二正相反，排除
错误选项要不然在曲解/对立原来的argument：比如A/C/E, 要不它用了作者用来反驳的argument混淆视听，比如B
B错的原因是ome scientists argue that the complex lungs of birds could not have evolved from theropod lungs，科学家只说了觉得complex lungs不可能是从theropod进化来的，而没有说有没有fossils，最后的because no fossil lungs are preserved in the paleontological record.都是作者自己的判断，也就是说作者说的没有fossils，所以无法判断这个说法对不对
B中的内容是作者提出的，科学家对于lung这一点只是提出质疑lung并没有说evidence的事情
最后说的是no fossil lungs are preserved in the paleontological record
没有仔细读文章
没有lung可以fossile
Q7有点迷惑性，原文对应的直接的人物不是25行的some scientists而是18行的skeptics，主要是读清题干，选项必须是质疑者的直接主观argument（D）而不是以以作者的角度描述事实（B）
所以选D
句子意思说 有些 T的胸骨也像鸟A那样融化。
我看了已经无数遍了，对这答案才知道这意思