For many years, historians thought that the development of capitalism had not faced serious challenges in the United States. Writing in the early twentieth century, Progressive historians sympathized with the battles waged by farmers and small producers against large capitalists in the late nineteenth century, but they did not question the widespread acceptance of laissez-faire (unregulated) capitalism throughout American history. Similarly, Louis Hartz, who sometimes disagreed with the Progressives, argued that Americans accepted laissez-faire capitalism without challenge because they lacked a feudal, precapitalist past. Recently, however, some scholars have argued that even though laissez-faire became the prevailing ethos in nineteenth century America, it was not accepted without struggle. Laissez-faire capitalism, they suggest, clashed with existing religious and communitarian norms that imposed moral constraints on acquisitiveness to protect the weak from the predatory, the strong from corruption, and the entire culture from materialist excess. Buttressed by mercantilist notions that government should be both regulator and promoter of economic activity, these norms persisted long after the American Revolution helped unleash the economic forces that produced capitalism. These scholars argue that even in the late nineteenth century, with the government's role in the economy considerably diminished, laissez-faire had not triumphed completely. Hard times continued to revive popular demands for regulating business and softening the harsh edges of laissez-faire capitalism.

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The passage suggests that the scholars mentioned in the first highlight portion of text would agree with which of the following statements regarding the "norms" mentioned in the second highlighted portion of text?


They provided a primary source of opposition to the development of laissez-faire capitalism in the United States in the nineteenth century.

Their appeal was undermined by difficult economic times in the United States at the end of the nineteenth century

They disappeared in the United States in the late nineteenth century because of the triumph of laissez-faire capitalism.

They facilitated the successful implementation of mercantilist notions of government in the United States in the nineteenth century

They are now recognized by historians as having been an important part of the ideology of the American Revolution.

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正确答案：A。

这个答案是正确的，因为文章提到，一些学者认为，即使在19世纪末，政府对经济的作用大大减少，自由主义仍然没有完全得到胜利。道德规范持续存在，增强贸易观念，即政府应该同时充当监管者和经济推动者的角色，这些观念帮助反对自由主义的发展。因此，正确答案是A，即这些道德规范提供了19世纪美国自由主义发展的主要对抗力量。

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