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题库 / Prep2008E2-RC-43
For many years, historians thought that the development of capitalism had not faced serious challenges in the United States. Writing in the early twentieth century, Progressive historians sympathized with the battles waged by farmers and small producers against large capitalists in the late nineteenth century, but they did not question the widespread acceptance of laissez-faire (unregulated) capitalism throughout American history. Similarly, Louis Hartz, who sometimes disagreed with the Progressives, argued that Americans accepted laissez-faire capitalism without challenge because they lacked a feudal, precapitalist past. Recently, however, some scholars have argued that even though laissez-faire became the prevailing ethos in nineteenth century America, it was not accepted without struggle. Laissez-faire capitalism, they suggest, clashed with existing religious and communitarian norms that imposed moral constraints on acquisitiveness to protect the weak from the predatory, the strong from corruption, and the entire culture from materialist excess. Buttressed by mercantilist notions that government should be both regulator and promoter of economic activity, these norms persisted long after the American Revolution helped unleash the economic forces that produced capitalism. These scholars argue that even in the late nineteenth century, with the government's role in the economy considerably diminished, laissez-faire had not triumphed completely. Hard times continued to revive popular demands for regulating business and softening the harsh edges of laissez-faire capitalism.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
reveal the underlying similarities of certain arguments regarding the development of capitalism in the United States
synthesize two competing arguments regarding the development of capitalism in the United States
defend an established argument regarding the development of capitalism in the United States
summarize a scholarly refutation of an argument regarding the development of capitalism in the United States
discuss a new methodology for the study of the development of capitalism in the United States
此讲解的内容由AI生成，还未经人工审阅，仅供参考。
正确答案是 D. summarize a scholarly refutation of an argument regarding the development of capitalism in the United States。文章引入了两个有关美国资本主义发展的论点：一种是20世纪初的进步史学家和路易斯·哈兹，他们认为无论历史上在美国都普遍接受让利自由主义，另一种是一些学者认为尽管让利自由主义成为19世纪美国流行的精神，但它并未受到挑战。该文章提出这些学者的反驳，即宗教信仰和共同主义的道德约束的传统会强化市场法则，加强政府在经济中的作用，他们也提出今天当美国政府的作用很小时，也没有完全胜利。由此可以看出，文章的主要目的是概括学者对论点反驳的观点。因此，正确答案是D. summarize a scholarly refutation of an argument regarding the development of capitalism in the United States.
错选C：C说的是反对一个已经建立起来的关于美国资本主义发展的论点。D：对，CD的不同在于，C是本文作者直接反对，D是简单的总结前人的观点（主要总结前人反对的观点）。
defend是保卫，保护的意思吧
defend 保卫保护 在这儿反而是支持的意思
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错选B，综合两个竞争的观点，应该有合二为一的内容，不然至少两个观点的侧重程度均衡，但是原文没有这方面的内容。开头的for many years + 。。。。（一个观点）。however ，recently，。。。（ 不同观点）是明显的要驳斥前一个观点，支持后一个观点，所以选D
开头的for many years + 。。。。（一个观点）。however ，recently，。。。（ 不同观点）是明显的要驳斥前一个观点，支持后一个观点
For many years, historians thought that the development of capitalism had not faced serious challenges in the United States. 没有挣扎
Recently, however, some scholars have argued that even though laissez-faire became the prevailing ethos in nineteenth century America, it was not accepted without struggle. 有挣扎
Hard times continued to revive popular demands for regulating business and softening the harsh edges of laissez-faire capitalism.最后总结
作者没有观点，所以c不对
错选B，综合两个竞争的观点，应该有合二为一的内容，不然至少两个观点的侧重程度均衡，但是原文没有这方面的内容。开头的for many years + 。。。。（一个观点）。however ，recently，。。。（ 不同观点）是明显的要驳斥前一个观点，支持后一个观点，所以选D
refutation 反对，驳斥
synthesize 综合、调和
synthesize综合，refutation反驳。是用一个观点反驳另一个，显然没有调和两个论点
DEFEND 维护维护维护
C：defend an established argument是维护了原有历史学家的观点，所以错
defend的意思又记错了……
【经典主旨题】
错选B，综合两个竞争的观点，应该有合二为一的内容，不然至少两个观点的侧重程度均衡，但是原文没有这方面的内容，且虽然两种观点都介绍了，但更多篇幅介绍驳斥Americans accepted laissez-faire capitalism without challenge 这一观点或者类似观点。
synthesize是要辩证地将两个观点关联起来，所以不选B
Recently, however, some scholars have argued that even though laissez-faire became the prevailing ethos in nineteenth century America, it was not accepted without struggle.
错选B，我理解综合比对应该要有结论，但文中更多篇幅介绍驳斥Americans accepted laissez-faire capitalism without challenge 这一观点或者类似观点。
错选C,对defend理解有误，defend:辩护意思，所以与答案相反了。
不熟悉如何快速抓住文章结构。。错选A，文中各种转折词各种argue足以说明他们的arguement不是相似的
可能是因为新观点和旧观点是完全对立的
B 为什么不对。就观点和新观点都有提到。而且作者也没有明显说支持哪方。
同问，我在B D二选一选错
“synthesize”是“综合、合成”的意思，所以b选项的意思是把两个观点合二为一的，但是原文没有这方面的内容。
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