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题库 / GMATLA-RC-54
Until recently, zoologists believed that all species of phocids (true seals), a pinniped family, use a different maternalstrategy than do otariids (fur seals and sea lions), another pinniped family. Mother otariids use a foraging strategy. They acquire moderate energy stores in the form of blubber before arriving at breeding sites and then fast for 5 to 11 days after birth. Throughout the rest of the lactation (milk production) period, which lasts from 4 months to 3 years depending on the species, mother otariids alternately forage at sea, where they replenish their fat stores, and nurse their young at breeding sites. Zoologists had assumed that females of all phocid species, by contrast, use a fasting strategy in which mother phocids, having accumulated large energy stores before they arrive at breeding sites, fast throughout the entire lactation period, which lasts from 4 to 50 days depending on the species. However, recent studies on harbor seals, a phocid species, found that lactating females commenced foraging approximately 6 days after giving birth and on average made 7 foraging trips during the remainder of their 24-day lactation period.
The maternal strategy evolved by harbor seals may have to do with their small size and the large proportion of their fat stores depleted in lactation. Harbor seals are small compared with other phocid species such as grey seals, northern elephant seals, and hooded seals, all of which are known to fast for the entire lactation period. Studies show that mother seals of these species use respectively 84 percent, 58 percent, and 33 percent of their fat stores during lactation. By comparison, harbor seals use 80 percent of their fat stores in just the first 19 days of lactation, even though they occasionally feed during this period. Since such a large proportion of their fat stores is exhausted despite feeding, mother harbor seals clearly cannot support all of lactation using only energy stored before giving birth. Though smaller than many other phocids, harbor seals are similar in size to most otariids. In addition, there is already some evidence suggesting that the ringed seal, a phocid species that is similar in size to the harbor seal, may also use a maternal foraging strategy.
According to the passage, until recently zoologists believed which of the following about all phocid mothers?
Their fasting periods after giving birth were typically shorter than those of otariids.
Their lactation periods were generally as long as those of comparably sized otariids.
They acquired only moderate energy stores in the form of blubber before arriving at breeding sites.
They depleted less than a third of their stored body fat during lactation.
They replenished their fat stores only after their lactation period ended.
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正确答案是 C。因为文章中指出，在奥塔利物种家族（otariids）中，母亲们使用一种狩猎策略。他们在到达繁殖地之前，就会贮存适度的能量储备（通常是脂肪形式的）。而这恰恰与所有彭塞克斯物种（phocid）的母体战略是一致的，因此，C 选项是正确答案。
主要是要搞懂fasting strategy是什么意思，fasting是禁食的意思
动物学家过去认为P这种生物在哺乳期都是不吃东西的，都是靠哺乳之前储存的大量fat；而O这种生物是foraging strategy，也就是哺乳期仍然是靠捕食来补充营养的
第二段作者叙述了一个P的生物物种在哺乳期捕食仍然要捕食来反驳过去动物学家的看法，提出了small size和proportion of fat作为衡量标准
A错是因为不是fasting period短，而是lactation period短，O根本就不fast
定位——Zoologists had assumed that females of all phocid species, by contrast,.............. fast throughout the entire lactation period,.........
注意看题干，是“zoologists believed ”而不是问作者的观点，所以从第一段转折之前找。
题目问的是zoologists的观点【Zoologists had assumed】，而非作者观点，所以E正确！
A错误原因：fast period: O:and then fast for 5 to 11 days after birth. P:fast throughout the entire lactation period, which lasts from 4 to 50 days depending on the species. 因此fast period长，A错误
淦又错了一次...
A选项不一定对（5-11 VS 4-50）；但E选项是一定对的
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读题没读懂, 题目是问直到最近科学家还相信什么
主要是要搞懂fasting strategy是什么意思，fasting是禁食的意思
动物学家过去认为P这种生物在哺乳期都是不吃东西的，都是靠哺乳之前储存的大量fat；而O这种生物是foraging strategy，也就是哺乳期仍然是靠捕食来补充营养的
第二段作者叙述了一个P的生物物种在哺乳期捕食仍然要捕食来反驳过去动物学家的看法，提出了small size和proportion of fat作为衡量标准
A错是因为不是fasting period短，而是lactation period短，O根本就不fast
until recently zoologists believed 问的是zoologist之前的看法
Zoologists had assumed that females of all phocid species, by contrast, use a fasting strategy in which mother phocids, having accumulated large energy stores before they arrive at breeding sites, fast throughout the entire lactation period, which lasts from 4 to 50 days depending on the species.
Zoologists had assumed that females of all phocid species, by contrast, use a fasting strategy in which mother phocids, having accumulated large energy stores before they arrive at breeding sites, fast throughout the entire lactation period, which lasts from 4 to 50 days depending on the species.
Zoologists had assumed that females of all phocid species, by contrast, use a fasting strategy in which mother phocids, having accumulated large energy stores before they arrive at breeding sites, fast throughout the entire lactation period,
事实证明，整个文章所有的单词都看明白了，就差一个单词没翻译对也很要命，fast禁食竟然忘了，英语基础不好的做gmat还是老老实实背单词的好。。。
排除法 定位第一段
until recently zoologists believed 问的是zoologist之前的看法
Until recently, zoologists believed that all species of phocids (true seals), a pinniped family, use a different maternalstrategy than do otariids (fur seals and sea lions), another pinniped family.
Zoologists had assumed that females of all phocid species, by contrast, use a fasting strategy in which mother phocids, having accumulated large energy stores before they arrive at breeding sites, fast throughout the entire lactation period
定位在这两句
If you "fast", you eat no food for a period of time, usually for either religious or medical reasons, or as a protest.
题目问：until recently the zoologist believe which.. 用"until recently "定位在句首第一句！
问的是直到现在，科学家相信什么？也就是之前科学家的看法
C选项说的是otariids
O：Mother otariids use a foraging strategy. They acquire 【moderate energy stores in the form of blubbe】before arriving at breeding sites
P：females of all phocid species, by contrast, use a fasting strategy in which mother phocids, having accumulated large energy stores before they arrive at breeding sites
Zoologists had assumed that females of all phocid species, by contrast, use a fasting strategy in which mother phocids, having accumulated large energy stores before they arrive at breeding sites, fast throughout the entire lactation period, which lasts from 4 to 50 days depending on the species.
fast through out the entire lactation period....
E：它们只在lactation结束之后才补充脂肪
Z assumed that females of all phocid species, by contrast, use a fasting(禁食) strategy in which mother phocids, having accumulated large energy stores before they arrive at breeding sites, fast throughout the entire lactation period, which lasts from 4 to 50 days depending on the species.