Most of Portugal's 250,000 university students boycotted classes in a one-day strike to protest a law that requires them to contribute $330 a year toward the cost of higher education, previously paying $7 per year.


year toward the cost of higher education, previously paying $7 per year

year toward the cost of higher education, for which was previously paid $7 per year

year, compared to the previously $7 per year, toward the cost of higher education

year toward the cost of higher education, instead of the $7 per year required previously

year as opposed to the $7 per year required previously for the cost of higher education

考题讲解

题目分析:


选项分析:

A选项:现在分词短语previously paying $7 per year是伴随状语,其需要就近修饰一个句子,本选项中即,a law requires them to contribute $330 a year toward the cost of higher education。由于伴随状语的主语必然同其所修饰的句子主语相同,所以pay的主语为a law。在逻辑上,支付学费的是学生,而不是法律。

B选项:for which was previously paid $7 per year是非限定性定语从句。介词加which的形式要求先行词在从句中充当状语,例如:
a time in which I was 6
将先行词a time代入定语从句中,则有:
I was 6 in a time.
正是由于这个特点,介词+which引导的定语从句中必须有主语(先行词只能做状语,所以如果没有主语,那么定语从句中就缺少主语了)。

C选项:previously是副词。副词只能修饰动词,不能修饰名词,而$7 per year都是名词,这使得previously没有修饰对象。

D选项:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。

E选项:as opposed to可以看作复合介词,意思是:这一点和…相反/这一点与…不符。如果从深层结构进行分析,as opposed to sth.其实是as is opposed to sth. 的省略,例如:
How strange are realities as opposed to illusion! (和幻想相反,现实是多么奇怪啊!)
由例句可知,as opposed to是“相反”的意思,instead of是“而不是”的意思。在逻辑上,现在330美金的学费和之前的7美金学费应该是“而不是”关系,而没有“相反”的关系。

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