Navigators have known for thousands of years that the ocean has variable currents, but it is only in the last half century that a reasonably clear picture has emerged of the patterns and causes of ocean currents.


a reasonably clear picture has emerged of the patterns and causes of ocean currents.

a reasonably clear picture of the patterns of ocean currents and their causes have emerged.

a reasonably clear picture emerged of ocean currents, their patterns and the causes of them.

there have emerged a reasonably clear picture of the patterns of ocean currents and what caused them.

there had emerged a reasonably clear picture of the patterns of ocean currents and their causes.

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题目分析：
本题主要需要看出划线部分是一个倒装句，它的正确语序是a reasonably clear picture of the patterns and causes of ocean currents has emerged，换句话说，它将谓语动词has emerged 倒装在了主语的定语之前，这是为了躲避主语过长的现象。当然，倒装与否并不影响我们判断对错，倒装仅是为了修辞的需要。
本题划线部分的意思是：一个关于海洋洋流的模式和原因的一个相对来说比较清晰的图画已经出现了。

选项分析：

A选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。

B选项：主谓不一致，主语的核心词是单数名词 picture，而谓语动词是复数动词have emerged，需要将have改为has。

C选项：首先，emerged应该用现在完成时，而不应该用过去时，表示到现在为止出现；其次，本选项的定语部分of ocean currents, their patterns and the causes of them的核心词有误。该定语的核心词为ocean currents。在逻辑上，这幅清晰的图画应该是洋流的模式和起因的图画，而不是洋流本身的图画（这里的图画是引申意义，大概相当于是“认知”的意思）。

D选项：初中学过一个基本的语法点，即，只有there be句型，没有there have或者there do的句型。

E选项：本选项错误同(D)。

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