Combining enormous physical strength with higher intelligence, the Neanderthals appear as equipped for facing any obstacle the environment could put in their path, but their relatively sudden disappearance during the Paleolithic era indicates that an inability to adapt to some environmental change led to their extinction.
appear as equipped for facing any obstacle the environment could put in their path,
appear to have been equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their path,
appear as equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their paths,
appeared as equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their paths,
appeared to have been equipped for facing any obstacle the environment could put in their path,
题目分析:
本题会告诉我们,为什么英语习语中用appear to do,而不是appear as。
选项分析:
A选项:appear as equipped应改为appear to have been equipped。实际上,appear as和appear to do的意思是不同的。appear as的意思是:以...出现,例如:
He appeared as an armyman in the negotiation room.
该例句的意思是,他以军人的身份出现在谈判桌上。appear to do的意思是:看起来像,例如:
He appeared to have the same idea as I had.
该例句的意思是,他看起来有和我相同的想法。简单来说,appear as X中的X表示的是已经实际存在的东西,而appear to X中的X则表示不一定实际存在的东西。在本题的语境中,显然地,由于 the Neanderthals实际上并没有准备好应对变化,所以必须用appear to have been equipped。
介词短语for facing any obstacle应改为不定式短语to face any obstacle。这点考查了不定式和ing的区别。用之于本题,正常语序为:
X equipped the Neanderthals to face any obstacle.
划线部分是句子的宾语的补足语。由于本题中equip的约束力较强,所以必须用不定式的形式。
B选项:Correct.本选项在逻辑和语法上均是正确的。
C选项:equipped错误同(A)。
D选项:equipped错误同(A);appear不应该用过去时。其在本质上应和未划线部分的动词indicates平行,表明两个事实,而不仅仅是过去发生的事情。
E选项:appear的错误同(D);for facing any obstacle错误同(A)。
consider/account/think/deem/find+名词/形容词/to be adj,表示将…视为……时,后面都不接as。
regard和look on后面接as,regard A as B或regard A as adj
seem/look/appear +名词/形容词/to be,表示看起来如何,后面都不接as,如:The man appeared/seemed/looked an hounest man .;My brother appeared(to be)happy. appear是指根据事物的外表表象做出判断的,但实质上并不一定如此;seem是表示说话人主观上的判断,暗含有一定的根据,往往接近事实的判断;look是根据视觉印象而得出的判断,实质上也可能如此。Seem/look可以接as if+虚拟语气,表示看起来就像…一样,appear不能(appear本身就表示看起来与事实相反,不再用as if盒虚拟语气)。
Appear as表示以…身份出现,如:He appeared as an armyman in the negotiation room.
简单题不要再错
考察:
appear as 以。。出现He appeared as an armyman
appear to do 看起来像 He appeared to have the same idea as I had.
equip to do 武装去做,目的性强,习惯用语todo
appear should has the same tense with indicates, so cannot use appeared.
"appear as" means the fact, "appear to be" means seem like. The second one fits here more
不能把appear理解为出现,整段话都是以一个在推测的语气
结合后半句看,N之后已经消失了,则使用 appear to have been非常显然。(来表示过去)
这里的appear不是“出现”,而是“看起来像”,与后面的indicates平行
He appeared as an armyman in the negotiation room. (体会appear和as连接时的意思)
appear as 以...出现 / appear to do 看起来像,这里从后面的句义理解,N没有具备equipped...的能力,所以应该是to do
时态选择上不一定严格遵守时间的过去与现在,也有可能是在讲述一个事实
appear不应该用过去时。其在本质上应和未划线部分的动词indicates平行,表明两个事实,而不仅仅是过去发生的事情。
appear to do的意思是:看起来像
appear as的意思是:以...出现
appear是一种事实性陈述,一般不会用appeared或各种其他时态
appear as是作为...出现,而不是看起来像做了某事
seem/look/appear三者后面都可以+形容词/名词/to do。
appear/seem as+名词,as作介词表示作为;如果要加句子,表示像……一样,用appear that或seem/look as if,没有appear as if
appear表示看起来时可译作显得,通常表示显示出与实际不符的情况,如:她显得很年轻。appear表述出现时则是与实际情况相符的,如Smoke appears on the horizon.
这里的have been不是现在完成时,只是没办法了的无奈之举,即RON男神说的 this is as past-tense as an infinitive can get,这是一个不定式能够做到的最恰当的表达【过去】含义的方法啦!
综上,楼主说的“appear to have习惯用法” 实际上应该是 “当appear后面的事件发生在过去时,用appear to have done表示【过去】含义”
补充曼哈顿论坛上RON的另一句话,私以为十分醍醐灌顶,比我上面一大堆的解释精炼很多:
"to have ___ed" is the only past-tense version of "to ___".
摘抄自论坛中 几许VV
RON说的“if you think about it, this is as past-tense as an infinitive can get.” 我觉得意思是:
appear本身的习惯用法是appear to do
例如 She appears to be in a relationship with Tom Holland. 她似乎在和荷兰弟谈恋爱。
然而,appear to do表示的是一般现在时,如果我们想表达“她似乎和荷兰弟谈过恋爱”,要怎么说呢?
注意:to是不定式,后面只能加动词原形!
我们不能说She appears to been in a relationship with Tom Holland,因为to是不定式,后面不能加过去式been。
因此,为了表达‘过去’这层含义,且不违反语法规则,只能把been改成have been了。
appear as的意思是:以...出现,后面多用身份
appear to do的意思是:看起来像
此处用法同known相似
known as作为..出名,后面跟身份头衔等名词
known to do:做什么事出名
不定式和ing的区别
appear as和appear to do 的用法
appear as的意思是:以...出现;appear to do的意思是:看起来像。equip的约束力较强,所以必须用不定式的形式。
equipped Neanderthal to face any obstacle 中to face any obstacle是宾补,翻译成尼安德特人看起来像准备好了去面对障碍。如果把to face any obstacle换成for facing any obstacle就是作状语修饰equip,翻译成因为要面对障碍,尼安德特人看起来像准备好了。是这样吗?
to face…做目的状语 equip的目的是去面对障碍
被动语态是宾补吧?上面讲解也这么说的
是宾补,被动语态没有目的。这里,for doing也是宾补,和to do没有成分差异,这时候就需要看时态了。
谢谢啦
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转自CD: 看语意
这个题首先向appear as是要加名词的,就像那道题:sunspots...appear as dark spots....所以很显然appear to 更通顺一些。
然后to和for作比较,to更好一些。
原文意思:结合了更强体能和更高智商,尼安德特人看起来已经具备了克服任何存在于他们前进道路上的障碍(的能力),但是他们在旧石器时代的突然消失表明他们缺少适应环境变化的能力导致他们的灭亡。
为什么用have been?因为语意告诉我们,虽然已经有了。。但是还是灭亡了,你能读出“已经”来。为什么appear?appear是现在的人看尼安德特人,现在的人不可能跑到过去看他们所以不能用ed。为什么后面是indicate?因为他们的灭亡是在现在表明的,而不是在过去。
做题要看关键,这个题关键是 appear as/to, as+名词,to+动词。如果你一上来就分析时态,那么肯定就要花很多时间。大部分情况下,时态不是拿到一个题第一个应该考虑的因素。
还看过一个解析说paths应改为path,因为这句话强调的是这个人种整体发展的路,而paths就是每个人走的路都不一样的意思了
appear as X中的X表示的是已经实际存在的东西,以X出现,而appear to X中的X则表示不一定实际存在的东西,看起来像X。
appear不应该用过去时。其在本质上应和未划线部分的动词indicates平行,表明两个事实,而不仅仅是过去发生的事情。