Rye sown in the fall and plowed into the soil in early spring leaves a residue that is highly effective at controlling broad-leaved weeds, but unfortunately for only about forty-five days. No major agricultural crop matures from seed in as little as forty-five days. Synthetic herbicides, on the other hand, although not any longer-lasting, can be reapplied as the crop grows. Clearly, therefore, for major agricultural crops, plowing rye into the soil can play no part in effective weed control.

The argument is most vulnerable to the objection that it fails to


consider that there might be minor, quickgrowing crops that do mature in forty-five days or less

identify any alternative method of weed control that could be used instead of the method it rejects

distinguish among the various kinds of synthetic herbicides

allow for the possibility of combining the two weed-control methods it mentions

allow for the possibility that plants other than rye, handled the same way, might have the same effect

考题讲解

情景:秋天播种春天犁地的裸麦留下了一种可有效控制阔叶杂草的物质,但只能控制45天。没有一种主要庄稼在播种后45天内就成熟。人工除草剂的效果虽不能持续,但可以重复喷洒。因此,对大多数庄稼来说,种裸麦对除草没用。

推理:由于前提结论讨论的是两件事,并且结论为果,所以本题为因果推理
顺序的因果逻辑:因为一种可有效控制阔叶杂草的物质只能控制45天且没有一种庄稼在播种后45天内就成熟,所以对大多数庄稼来说,这种物质对除草没用
(因)前提:一种可有效控制阔叶杂草的物质只能控制45天且没有一种庄稼在播种后45天内就成熟
(果)结论:如果大多数庄稼来说,这种物质对除草没用

选题方式:本题是因果推理。因果推理只有一个评估方向,简而言之,即,反驳推理文段中的结论。

选项分析:

A选项:没有考虑有可能有庄稼可在45天内成熟。推理文段中已经谈到过大多数庄稼不能成熟了,并且结论中也说的是“对大多数庄稼来说”,所以本选项和结论无关。

B选项:没有提出可供选择的除草方案作为裸麦的替代。本选项和推理文段的结论无关。

C选项:区分不同的人工除草剂。本选项和推理文段的结论无关。

D选项:
 Correct. 没有考虑同时使用两种方法的可能性。本选项可以反驳结论,如果两种方法可以同时用,则不能说这种物质对除草没用。可以前45天用裸麦留下的物质,然后后面的时间用人工除草剂。所以,不能说这种物质对除草没用。

E选项:
 考虑除裸麦外的其他植物具有相同功效的可能性。本选项和推理文段的结论无关。

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