Among the myths taken as fact by the environmental managers of most corporations is the belief that environmental regulations affect all competitors in a given industry uniformly. In reality, regulatory costs — and therefore compliance — fall unevenly, economically disadvantaging some companies and benefiting others. For example, a plant situated near a number of larger noncompliant competitors is less likely to attract the attention of local regulators than is an isolated plant, and less attention means lower costs.

Additionally, large plants can spread compliance costs such as waste treatment across a larger revenue base; on the other hand, some smaller plants may not even be subject to certain provisions such as permit or reporting requirements by virtue of their size. Finally, older production technologies often continue to generate toxic wastes that were not regulated when the technology was first adopted. New regulations have imposed extensive compliance costs on companies still using older industrial coal-fired burners that generate high sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs, for example, whereas new facilities generally avoid processes that would create such waste products. By realizing that they have discretion and that not all industries are affected equally by environmental regulation, environmental managers can help their companies to achieve a competitive edge by anticipating regulatory pressure and exploring all possibilities for addressing how changing regulations will affect their companies specifically.

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It can be inferred from the passage that a large plant might have to spend more than a similar but smaller plant on environmental compliance because the larger plant is


more likely to attract attention from local regulators

less likely to be exempt from permit and reporting requirements

less likely to have regulatory costs passed on to it by companies that supply its raw materials

more likely to employ older production technologies

more likely to generate wastes that are more environmentally damaging than those generated by smaller plants

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考题讲解

文章大意：

1. myth（讹传）：环境法对所有公司影响一样

reality（现实）：不同公司，影响不同

群居＜独居


2. 大公司＞小公司

旧设备＞新设备

结论：manager可以利用这一点实现竞争优势。


题目分析：

文章推断题：可以推断，大厂房比小厂房要在环保上花的更多，因为大厂房？

选项分析：

A选项：更有可能吸引当地的监管部门：第一段最后提到，比起聚在一起的厂房，单独的厂房才更有可能吸引监管部门，与厂房的规模无关。

B选项：正确。更不太可能从许可、报告要求中免除：原文提到小厂房或许甚至可以不被许可、报告规则要求，也就说明大厂房不可能被免除。

C选项：不太可能承担原材料供应商分摊给他们的环保成本：原文没有提到。

D选项：更有可能使用旧生产设备：原文只说旧生产设备会生产更多有害物质，从而交更多的环保钱，但没有说大小公司在这点上有什么区别。

E选项：比起小厂房，更有可能生产对环境有害的物质：原文没有提。

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