Which of the following most logically completes the argument given below?

People in isolated rain-forest communities tend to live on a largely vegetarian diet, and they eat little salt. Few of them suffer from high blood pressure, and their blood pressure does not tend to increase with age, as is common in industrialized countries. Such people often do develop high blood pressure when they move to cities and adopt high-salt diets. Though suggestive, these facts do not establish salt as the culprit in high blood pressure, however, because_____.


genetic factors could account for the lack of increase of blood pressure with age among such people

people eating high-salt diets and living from birth in cities in industrialized societies generally have a tendency to have high blood pressure

it is possible to have a low-salt diet while living in a city in an industrialized country

there are changes in other aspects of diet when such people move to the city

salt is a necessity for human life, and death can occur when the body loses too much salt

考题讲解

情景:在雨林区域里的人吃素多,吃盐少。他们中很少有高血压,血压也不会随年龄增加而增高,而在工业化国家血压增高很普遍。这些人进城来过高盐生活后开始有了高血压。然而,但这并不能说明盐就是高血压的罪魁祸首。

推理:本题属于A, however非B型,判断推理方式时必须先转换成正常的推理文段,即,结论应该为:盐就是高血压的罪魁祸首。前提中“吃盐”和“高血压”具有统计关联,结论中两者具有因果关系,本题为相关因果推理。

前提:“吃盐”和“高血压”之间存在正相关关系

结论:盐就是高血压的罪魁祸首

答案选项要么同时提及“吃盐少”和“很少有高血压”,要么给“很少有高血压”另外一个原因。


选项分析:

A选项:遗传因素说明了这些人血压不随着年龄而增高的原因。本选项不能解释为什么这些人到了工业化国家就经常会患有高血压。

B选项:那些吃很多盐并且生活在城里的人容易得高血压。本选项同时提到了因和果,可以加强推理文段。

C选项:在工业化城市里生活也能过低盐的生活。没有理由相信那些有高血压的人都是不过低盐生活的,本选项也没有提到高血压的问题。

D选项:
Correct. 这些人来到城里后饮食结构的其它地方也发生了变化。本选项给了“患有高血压”一个潜在的原因,即,还有其它的变化可能导致高血压。属于CQ4:独立第三因素问题

E选项:
盐是人体必需的,失盐过多会导致死亡。本选项讨论的是盐的性质,没有提到高血压。

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