In virtually any industry, technological improvements increase labor productivity, which is the output of goods and services per person-hour worked. In Parland's industries, labor productivity is significantly higher than it is in Vergia's industries. Clearly, therefore, Parland's industries must, on the whole, be further advanced technologically than Vergia's are.

The argument is most vulnerable to which of the following criticisms?


It offers a conclusion that is no more than a paraphrase of one of the pieces of information provided in its support.

It presents as evidence in support of a claim information that is inconsistent with other evidence presented in support of the same claim.

It takes one possible cause of a condition to be the actual cause of that condition without considering any other possible causes.

It takes a condition to be the effect of something that happened only after the condition already existed.

It makes a distinction that presupposes the truth of the conclusion that is to be established.

考题讲解

情景:在任何行业里,技术的进步都可以提高劳动生产率。Parland的劳动生产率比Vergia的劳动生产率高很多。因此,Parland的产业技术一定比Vergia的强很多。 

推理:本题中的前提是一个现象,结论给出了这个现象的一个可能的原因,因此本题是果因推理
顺序的因果逻辑:因为Parland的产业技术一定比Vergia的强很多,所以Parland的劳动生产率比Vergia的劳动生产率高很多
(果)前提:Parland的劳动生产率比Vergia的劳动生产率高很多
(因)结论:Parland的产业技术一定比Vergia的强很多

选题方式:本题问的是这个推理犯了什么错误,所以我们只需要看哪个选项写出了果因推理的两个评估方向之一即可。

选项分析(由于题目非常简单,这里只翻译选项):

A选项:它提出了一个不过是对前提的某一部分的一种释义的结论。

B选项:在支持一个言论时,它提出了一个信息作为证据,这个信息是和“其它的支持同一个言论的证据”不一致的。

C选项:Correct.它把一个情况的一个可能的原因当成了这个情况的真正原因而没有考虑其它原因。属于CQ1:说明结果问题

D选项:
它把一个情况作为一些发生在这个情况出现以后的事情的影响。

E选项:
它做出了一个预先假设了这个结论的真实性的一个区分。

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