Automobile Dealer's Advertisement:
The Highway Traffic Safety Institute reports that the PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class. This shows that the PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the advertisement?
The Highway Traffic Safety Institute report listed many cars in other classes that had more injuries per accident than did the PZ 1000.
In recent years many more PZ 1000s have been sold than have any other kind of car in its class.
Cars in the class to which the PZ 1000 belongs are more likely to be involved in accidents than are other types of cars.
The difference between the number of injuries per accident for the PZ 1000 and that for other cars in its class is quite pronounced.
The Highway Traffic Safety Institute issues reports only once a year.
枚举推理,样本代表性问题,找枚举对象两者之间的差异:
从这个方向出发,看面相只有C和D有可能;
D仔细读,比较的是 number of injuries per accident,虽然带了很多题干相关的修饰性描述,但还是偏离主题,排除;
统计枚举。样本代表性问题。
虽然PZ1000是同级车中最安全的,但由于该类别的车是最不安全的一类,不能保证PZ1000是所有车中最安全的。
虽然PZ1000是同级车中最安全的,但由于该类别的车是最不安全的一类,不能保证PZ1000是所有车中最安全的。
错选A。A 加强了结论,如果其他等级的车的伤害性都比PZ大,等于否认其它样本问题。
B。跑偏,说的是销量问题 C。PZ 那级别的车比其它类型的车更容易卷到事故中(样本代表性问题,虽然PZ也不安全,但它的比较对象更不安全,所以没有可比性)。D 说明了不同,但谁高谁低不知道。E 机构一年发一次报告(无关)
枚举推理(样本→总体)。前提:据报道PZ1000 比任何同级别的车在每一次事故中有更低的伤害 结论:PZ1000 是当今最安全的车之一
问题:如何削弱 潜在的削弱方向:1.样本代表性:任何同级别的车的挑选有没有问题 2.其它样本:还有很多其他车比PZ 1000更安全,设最安全的标准是1,P是2,P的同级别的车大于等于2,其它非同级别的车都是0.