Although genetic mutations in bacteria and viruses can lead to epidemics, some epidemics are caused by bacteria and viruses that have undergone no significant genetic change. In analyzing the latter, scientists have discovered the importance of social and ecological factors to epidemics. Poliomyelitis, for example, emerged as an epidemic in the United States in the twentieth century by then, modern sanitation was able to delay exposure to polio Until adolescence or adulthood, at which time polio infection produced paralysis. Previously, infection had occurred during infancy, when it typically 9rovided lifelong immunity without paralysis. Thus, the hygiene that helped prevent typhoid epidemics indirectly fostered a paralytic polio epidemic. Another example is lyme disease, which is caused by bacteria that are transmitted by deer ticks. It occurred only sporadically during the late nineteenth century but has recently become prevalent in parts of the United States, largely due to an increase in the deer population that occurred simultaneously with the growth of the suburbs and increased outdoor recreational activities in the deer's habitat. Similarly, an outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever became an epidemic in Asia in the 1950's because of ecological changes that caused Aedes aegypti, the mosquito that transmits the dengue virus, to proliferate.The stage is now set in the United States for a dengue epidemic because of the inadvertent introduction and wide dissemination of another mosquito, Aedes albopictus.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the author's assertion about the cause of the Lyme disease outbreak in the United States?
The deer population was smaller in the late nineteenth century than in the mid twentieth century.
Interest in outdoor recreation began to grow in the late nineteenth century.
In recent years the suburbs have stopped growing.
Outdoor recreation enthusiasts routinely take measures to protect themselves against Lyme disease.
Scientists have not yet developed a vaccine that can Prevent Lyme disease
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正确答案是 B。因为文章认为Lyme疾病在美国流行的主要原因是由于野鹿数量增加,以及人们开始增加户外娱乐活动,而这些像B选项所描述的都是会导致野鹿数量增加以及人们开始增加户外娱乐活动的背景,因此可以加强作者的观点,所以 B 是正确答案。