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题库 / OG2016-CR-108
Studies in restaurants show that the tips left by customers who pay their bill in cash tend to be larger when the bill is presented on a tray that bears a creditcard logo. Consumer psychologists hypothesize that simply seeing a credit-card logo makes many creditcard holders willing to spend more because it reminds them that their spending power exceeds the cash they have immediately available.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the psychologists' interpretation of the studies?
The effect noted in the studies is not limited to patrons who have credit cards.
Patrons who are under financial pressure from their credit-card obligations tend to tip less when presented with a restaurant bill on a tray with a credit-card logo than when the tray has no logo.
In virtually all of the cases in the studies, the patrons who paid bills in cash did not possess credit cards.
In general, restaurant patrons who pay their bills in cash leave larger tips than do those who pay by credit card.
The percentage of restaurant bills paid with a given brand of credit card increases when that credit card's logo is displayed on the tray with which the bill is presented.
情景：研究表明，用现金付账的顾客，当其账单用带信用卡logo的盘子递上来时，他们付的小费更多。专家推测，看见信用卡logo导致那些人付得多，因为logo提醒他们自己的消费能力超过了手头的现金数额。
推理：本题的前提明显是时间关联，结论给出了因果关系，属于相关因果推理。
前提：“信用卡logo”和“付钱多”具有相关关系
结论：信用卡logo导致了付钱多
选题方式：相关因果推理有四个评估方向，简而言之，即，要么同时提及“信用卡logo”和“付钱多”，要么给“付钱多”另一个原因。
选项分析：
A选项：上述效应不仅仅限于有信用卡的人。本选项只提到了信用卡，没有提到“果”。
B选项：Correct. 有信用卡还贷压力的顾客，如果用有信用卡logo的盘子递账单，小费更少。本选项同时提到了推理文段的因和果，即，证明了信用卡logo和小费确实有关系。属于CQ1：相关性存在问题。
C选项：在所有案例中，用现金付账的顾客都没有信用卡。本选项只提到了信用卡，没有提到“果”。
D选项：一般来说，用现金付账的顾客比用信用卡付账的顾客支付的小费更多。本选项没有提及推理文段的因果（用什么付账，都可能看到信用卡的logo）。
E选项：如果信用卡logo被印在递账单的盘子上，用这种卡付账的人数会增多。本选项只提到了信用卡，没有提到“果”。
现象：现金付款顾客看到信用卡logo可能（注意tend to不是are certain to，也有少给钱的）多给钱。
心理学家解读：许多现金付款顾客（注意many不是all）看到信用卡logo，想到自己额外的支付能能力，所以给钱多。
B选项：Correct. 有信用卡还贷压力的顾客，如果用有信用卡logo的盘子递账单，小费更少。本选项同时提到了推理文段的因和果，即，证明了信用卡logo和小费确实有关系。属于CQ1：【相关性】存在问题。
题目中的意思是”信用卡logo对客户自我感觉的支付能力有影响”，其实是相关因果而不是果因，追求相关性的解释即可（无关正负），题目中给出了正相关，选项B给出的负相关。
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