Starfish, with anywhere from five to eight arms, have a strong regenerative ability, and if one arm is lost it quickly replaces it, sometimes by the animal overcompensating and growing an extra one or two.
one arm is lost it quickly replaces it, sometimes by the animal overcompensating and
one arm is lost it is quickly replaced, with the animal sometimes overcompensating and
they lose one arm they quickly replace it, sometimes by the animal overcompensating,
they lose one arm they are quickly replaced, with the animal sometimes overcompensating,
they lose one arm it is quickly replaced, sometimes with the animal overcompensating,
题目分析:
略
选项分析:
A选项:在一个句子中,代词it如果反复出现,其必须指代同一个单数名词(they也是同样的道理)。本选项中it quickly replaces it显然是不正确的,这两个it在逻辑上应该指代不同对象。另外,by the animal overcompensating中的by是介词,身后只能添加名词短语(注意区分这种情况和独立主格的情况)。因此,overcompensating必须为动名词短语(未划线部分的growing也是同理)。如果想给动名词短语添加逻辑主语,只能用所有格的形式,即:
animal‘s overcompensating。
B选项:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。with the animal sometimes overcompensating是独立主格结构。
C选项:by the animal overcompensating错误同(A)。
D选项:两个代词they在逻辑上指代对象应该是不同的,该指代错误同(A)。
E选项:overcompensating和growing均是animal发出的动作,两者应保持平行。因此,overcompensating身后不能加逗号。两者平列时,两者之间不能用逗号隔开。
by的用法,with引导的独立主格结构的用法
by在此处做介词,介词后面加名词或者动名词,因此by the animal overcompensating 错误,如果改成by overcompensating或者by animal‘s overcompensating就正确。
- with 引导的独立主格:与主句逻辑关系紧密
形式为: with + n. + -ed/-ing形式; with + n. +adj.; with +n. +介词短语
with ( without)+宾语(名词/代词)+宾语补足语,宾语通常由名词或代词充当,但代词一定要用宾格。上文的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构。
The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
小女孩把盒子藏了起来,没有人知道它在哪里。(without +名词/代词+动词的-ing形式)
在with (without) 的复合结构中,多数情况下with 能省略,但without 不能省略。
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