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题库 / OG2018-RC-469
Resin is a plant secretion that hardens when exposed to air; fossilized resin is called amber. Although Pliny in the first century recognized that amber was produced from “marrow discharged bytrees,” amber has been widely misunderstood to be a semiprecious gem and has even been described in mineralogy textbooks. Confusion also persists surrounding the term “resin,” which was defined before rigorous chemical analyses were available. Resin is often confused with gum, a substance produced in plants in response to bacterial infections, and with sap, an aqueous solution transported through certain plant tissues. Resin differs from both gum and sap in that scientists have not determined a physiological function for resin.
In the 1950s, entomologists posited that resin may function to repel or attract insects. Fraenkel conjectured that plants initially produced resin in nonspecific chemical responses to insect attack and that, over time, plants evolved that produced resin with specific repellent effects. But some insect species, he noted, might overcome the repellent effects, actually becoming attracted to the resin. This might induce the insects to feed on those plants or aid them in securing a breeding site.Later researchers suggested that resin mediates the complex interdependence, or“coevolution,” of plants and insects over time. Such ideas led to the development of the specialized discipline of chemical ecology, which is concerned with the role of plant chemicals in interactions with other organisms and with the evolution and ecology of plant antiherbivore chemistry (plants' chemical defenses against attack by herbivores such as insects).
The author refers to “bacterial infections”(see highlighted text) most likely in order to
describe the physiological function that gum performs in plants
demonstrate that sap is not the only substance that is transported through a plant's tissues
explain how modern chemical analysis has been used to clarify the function of resin
show that gum cannot serve as an effective defense against herbivores
give an example of how confusion has arisen with regard to the nature of resin
题目分析：
文章推断题：高亮里提到了“细菌感染”是为了？
选项分析：
A选项：正确。描述gum在植物中的作用：原文直接表明：Gum的作用就是抵抗细菌感染。
B选项：说明sap不是唯一个在植物组织中被运输的物质：无关。
C选项：解释现代化学分析是如何被用来研究resin的作用：无关。
D选项：证明gum不可以有效的抵抗食草动物：无关。
E选项：举出一个困惑学者“resin是什么”的例子：这是提gum的目的，而不是提细菌感染的目的。
成分的目的找主句 句子的目的才找这一部分的主旨 主旨为整个文章服务
overthinking
解释词义作用时，会和其句子结构相关，如果只是插入语，看修饰对象。
Resin differs from both gum and sap in that scientists have not determined a physiological function for resin，否定了e，即并没有把gum和resin的本质作用弄混
a substance produced in plants in response to......
Resin is often confused with gum, a substance produced in plants in response to bacterial infections, and with sap, an aqueous solution ……. Resin differs from both gum and sap in that scientists have not determined a physiological function for resin.
逻辑：作者提到bacterial infections这个东西的目的是为了说明gum的性质；作者提到“gum是用来应对细菌感染的物质”这件事的目的是为了举例说明人们是如何误解树脂的作用的。
定位：Resin is often confused with gum, a substance produced in plants in response to bacterial infections, and with sap, an aqueous solution transported through certain plant tissues. Resin differs from both gum and sap in that scientists have not determined a physiological function for resin.
一点个人感想：
跟我们小学语文的阅读理解不同，小学语文的阅读理解最重要的是把握文章的中心思想，然后文章里的每一句话都是为这个中心思想服务的，只要抓住了中心思想，阅读理解的题目就迎刃而解。GMAT阅读理解重视推理过程，要求支撑起中心思想的每一个逻辑点都是经得起论证的，逻辑的层层递进也要经得起推敲。
第一段讲琥珀之前被认为是矿石，R是琥珀的前身，它也经常被搞混为是gum或者sap.第一段总的就是在讲人们之前不知道R是个啥，老是搞混它。
Resin is often confused with gum, a substance produced in plants in response to bacterial infections。
问题是作者提到细菌感染的目的是？为了说明gum是个啥东西。 作者提到gum的目的才是为了举例说明人们搞混R。A推出B，B推出C，但不能说A推出C。
Resin is often confused with gum, a substance produced in plants in response to bacterial infections。 高亮部分是gum的同位语，作解释说明的同位的名词的作用
这个例子是用来描述gum的，而不是描述r和gum的不同，没提到resin
Resin is often confused with gum, a substance produced in plants in response to bacterial infections
gum itself serve as an example of the confusion surrounding the nature of resin.
bacterial infections do not serve as that example.
不是根据树脂的特性。这个选项滥用原句，比较拙劣的错误
定位：
Resin is often confused with gum, a substance produced in plants in response to bacterial infections；与gum相关，排除B
Resin differs from both gum and sap in that scientists have not determined a physiological function for resin；C选项：科学家还没有确定其功能，谈何clarify
E选项：可以说‘Gum’而不是细菌give an example of how confusion has arisen with regard to the nature of resin
没有 regard the nature of resin
错选E
细节题-Resin is often confused with gum, （a substance produced in plants in response to bacterial infections, ）and with sap, （an aqueous solution transported through certain plant tissues.）
这个题错完全是因为读的太快没仔细看句子结构；主干是Resin is often confused with gum and with Sap.括号里的都是同位语从句；所以细节是说gum，是a substance produced in plants in response to bacterial infections，所以妥妥A
为啥不选E:我觉得列举gum 的功能---bacterial infections 是为了说明前面的那句Confusion also persists surrounding the term “resin,” 。
是为了前面的观点服务的呀
我也选E；完全是因为以前做题留下的习惯；下意识了
看我上面的解释，但我也是错了回来又读发现读的太快
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