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题库 / Prep2007E1-SC-81
In the major cities of industrialized countries at the end of the nineteenth century, important public places such as theaters, restaurants, shops, and banks had installed electric lighting, but electricity was in less than one percent of homes, where lighting was still provided mainly by candles or gas.
electricity was in less than one percent of homes, where lighting was still
electricity was in less than one percent of homes and lighting still
there had been less than one percent of homes with electricity, where lighting was still being
there was less than one percent of homes that had electricity, having lighting that was still
less than one percent of homes had electricity, where lighting had still been
题目分析：
本题考点比较明确，难度不算很大。
选项分析：
A选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。where lighting was still provided mainly by candles or gas是一个定语从句，可以理解为：
in which lighting was still provided mainly by candles or gas.
定语从句整体的内容为：
lighting was still provided mainly by candles or gas in homes.
B选项：不同于选项(A)，本选项的lighting was still provided mainly by candles or gas不是定语从句，而是和electricity was in less than one percent of homes构成了一个合句（当然，原选项在lighting后面缺少谓语动词was）。虽然在语法上没有问题，但是在逻辑上两句话不能构成并列关系。可以观察到，lighting was still provided mainly by candles or gas中是完全没有提到homes的（选项(A)中由于这句话是一个定语从句，所以先行词homes会在从句中做状语），也就是说我们可以把这个句子近似写为：
lighting was still provided mainly by candles or gas in X.
显然地，这句话和electricity was in less than one percent of homes之间无法产生并列关系（例如：我们不能说：电只在小于1%的家庭中出现，并且，在商场里，光亮主要由燃气和蜡烛提供。这也和前文矛盾嘛）。
另外，也可以理解为并列连词and身后没有谓语动词。
C选项：where引导的定语从句最近的名词是electricity，这会使得该定语从句的先行词变为electricity，在逻辑上不合理。
D选项：having lighting在本选项中可以做定语从句homes had electricity的伴随状语。在逻辑上，我们不能说“房子拥有光亮（home have lighting）“，只能说”房子里有光“。这是因为房子不能主动的拥有光亮。
E选项：where引导的定语从句最近的名词electricity，该错误同(C)；房子不能主动拥有光亮错误同选项(D)。
什么时候的there be是合理的，什么时候是不必要的？
如果想表述的内容很简单只有一个对象，而对这个对象有一个比较复杂的修饰，而这种修饰关系不太好直接转化成“主谓宾，主系表”的一句话来说明：
比如：“Estimating the expansion rate of the universe is a notoriously difficult problem because there is no single yardstick by which all distances can be measured.”
而"there was less than one percent of homes that had electricity”在这里不必要是因为这句话完全可以用“电在很少的家里才有”这样一句话概括，而且有明确的两个主体：家，电，可以构成一句话。
当然如果选项中有正确的，且更简洁的形式当然选更简洁的形式。
老师您好，A选项中where指的是前面的homes, 但是根据句意的话前文中的Homes是指那些不到百分之一的有电的家，但从句中想说的homes应该是指其他那些还在用candle 和 gas的家，两个家应该不是同一个家吧？就像是之前遇到的一道题说以前制造的车 和 最新制造的车不是同一辆车是一个道理？
but/and等连接句子的主语不要求一致，A do B, but C do D.
用句意排除了AB，但是不对，正确答案A，
还是看语法错误为主
没有过去完成时的语境，不能用过去完成时
where应紧跟homes，跟在electricity后面会引起歧义
名词modifier 紧跟修饰成分，所以where 修饰electricity 不合理
e中less than one percent of homes had electricity, where lighting had still been ----where修饰的electricity不对啊，就近原则
CD: but后面的转折都是there be句型，有不到1%的家庭。无法同but前的句子形成转折关系。
另外D选项having lighting作为伴随状语修饰homes that had electricity，拥有光亮的主语变成了homes，意思错误
where引导的定语从句就近修饰
relative judgements:
CD：there was/had been homes with... VS homes had...
Manhattan：” where" is used specifically to refer to a place or geographic location; it also indicates a noun modifier and must follow the noun that it is modifying
E Manhattan” where" is used specifically to refer to a place or geographic location; it also indicates a noun modifier and must follow the noun that it is modifying. In this case, "where" follows "electricity" but electricity isn't a location so it's not a valid use of "where."“
跨越修饰两种情况，结构和倒装，此处明显不是倒装，结构性的跨越修饰一般发生在被修饰名词有其它定语，而且这个定语比较难后移的情况
这里考点是定语 就不能跳跃修饰了
B选项：there is no 'be' in the second clause, and 'and' does not clearly indicate the connection between the two clauses.
C选项：'had been'和'was being' represent inappropriate tenses, and 'there had been' construction is longer than necessary;where引导的定语从句最近的名词是electricity，这会使得该定语从句的先行词变为electricity，在逻辑上不合理
D选项：'having lights' and 'there was 'construction are longer and unnecessary, this sentence makes 'there', instead of 'homes', the subject of 'having'; having lighting在本选项中可以做定语从句homes had electricity的伴随状语。在逻辑上，我们不能说“房子拥有光亮（home have lighting）“，只能说”房子里有光“。这是因为房子不能主动的拥有光亮
E选项：'had been' is not the appropriate tense for this situation;where引导的定语从句最近的名词electricity
B选项在语法上没什么问题，但是语意上不对，这两句话在逻辑上并没有并列的关系，而应该像A选项所写，表现出提供电量的方式和屋子的关系
本题是典型的要严格按照就近修饰的考题，因为定语从句成分没怎么变，但是定语从句前最近的先行词在变
自己做题的时候，B,C,E 排除， B. electricity was lightening provided 不对，C. had been 和 was being 时态很奇怪
E. where 引导的定语从句最近的名词是 electricity， 错误。
A VS D， D后面的having lightening 修饰homes had electricity 作为伴随状语, 但是房子是不能照亮的，所以错。
Manhattan
”where" is used specifically to refer to a place or geographic location; it also indicates a noun modifier and must follow the noun that it is modifying. In this case, "where" follows "electricity" but electricity isn't a location so it's not a valid use of "where."“
提问C选项：
1、lighting 作为名词不是也有照明的意思吗？【og没有提这个错误】
2、同问where为什么不能跳跃修饰homes；【虽然没有直接连接好】
3、OG中，C选项是"there had been less than 1 percent...."，答案指出 there had been 与was being是不正确的时态，为什么前者一定要一般过去时而不能和主句一样是过去完成时？
1、可以。2&3、主要问题是was being provided，跳跃修饰我觉得是可以的。过去完成时是过去的过去，你理解一下这个意思。难道说在公共场合用电之前很少有家庭用电？？强调这个过去有什么意义？
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