Suncorp, a new corporation with limited funds, has been clearing large sections of the tropical Amazon forest for cattle ranching. This practice continues even though greater profits can be made from rubber tapping, which does not destroy the forest, than from cattle ranching, which does destroy the forest.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why Suncorp has been pursuing the less profitable of the two economic activities mentioned above?


The soil of the Amazon forest is very rich in nutrients that are important in the development of grazing lands.

Cattle-ranching operations that are located in tropical climates are more profitable than cattle-ranching operations that are located in cold-weather climates.

In certain districts, profits made from cattle ranching are more heavily taxed than profits made from any other industry.

Some of the cattle that are raised on land cleared in the Amazon are killed by wildcats.

The amount of money required to begin a rubber-tapping operation is twice as high as the amount needed to begin a cattle ranch.

考题讲解

情景:Suncorp是一家资金有限的新公司,它最近大面积清理了用于放牧的热带雨林。值得一提的是,即使不需要破坏雨林的橡胶生产工业(rubber tapping)比需要破坏雨林的畜牧业(cattle ranching)可以创造更大的利润,Suncorp仍然选择破坏雨林。

推理:本题是一个“现象解释型考题”。按照正常逻辑来说,Suncorp将会选择橡胶生产工业。虽然推理文段看似是在类比橡胶生产工业和畜牧业,但是其已经明确指出了两者的不同,实际上本题是因果推理
顺序的因果逻辑:因为橡胶生产工业利润高且不损坏环境,所以Suncorp将会选择橡胶生产工业
(因)前提:橡胶生产工业利润高且不损坏环境
(果)结论:Suncorp将会选择橡胶生产工业

选题方式:因果推理只有一个评估方向,简而言之,即,反驳推理文段中的结论

选项分析:

A选项:森林的土壤拥有丰富的对畜牧地发展非常重要的营养素。本选项表明的是森林具有放牧的最基本的条件,但是不能反驳公司选择橡胶工业。

B选项:在热带地区的畜牧业比在寒冷地区的畜牧业要更赚钱。本选项讲的都是畜牧业的情况,和结论中的橡胶工业无关。

C选项:在一些地方,畜牧业的利润比其他产业的利润会被征收更多的税。本选项错误同(B)。

D选项:
有些被放牧的小牛是被野生猫杀死的。本选项错误同(B)。

E选项:
Correct. 实现橡胶工业所需要的启动资金是养牛的两倍。本选项给出了橡胶业的劣势,反驳了结论。

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