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题库 / OG2019-SC-734
The Eastern State Penitentiary was established in 1822 by reformers advocating that prisoners be held in solitary confinement and hard labor so as to reform them.
advocating that prisoners be held in solitary confinement and hard labor so as to reform them
who were advocating prisoners to be held in solitary confinement and hard labor for their reform
advocating solitary confinement and hard labor as the means to reform prisoners
who advocated solitary confinement and hard labor for the means of prisoner reform
advocating as the means for prisoner reform solitary confinement and hard labor
题目分析：
选项分析：
A选项：advocating为reformers的后置定语，现在分词形式表主动。that引导了advocate的宾语从句，意为“改革家拥护一件事”，什么事呢，罪犯应该“be held in solitary confinement and (be held in) hard labor”。
我们知道，一句话中的核心词为这句话的谓语动词，那么此时改革者拥护的就是“be held”，即“被关”这个动作。但逻辑上他们拥护的应该是“solitary confinement 和 hard labor”这两个东西。
B选项：此时被拥护的是prisoners，错误同A。
C选项：正确。字面意思为“拥护单独监禁和劳役作为改造罪犯的方法”。
D选项：for the means of用法错误。此时字面意思为“拥护单独监禁和劳役为了罪犯改造的方法”。
E选项：此选项将advocate的宾语置于宾补之后，还原为“advocate confinement and hard labor as the means for prisoner reform.”。这种将宾语放在宾补之后的倒装在GMAT中是常见的，一般是因为和宾补相比，宾语过长，为了避免认不出宾补，会将宾语置后。但在此选项中，与C相比，这一倒装完全没有必要。所以，相比之下，排除E。
考察：
句意
前：advocating为reformers的后置定语，现在分词形式表主动，ing定语表主动。advocate提倡，拥护
后：拥护的是一种方法，to reform prisoners， as the means to
e中advocate用了倒装但是引起了句意混淆，advocate的东西应该紧随其后，与c对比，排除
A：be held in hard labor不对，so as to 的主语不对
B：被拥护的变成了prisoners，同A
D：for the means of 意思错误（详见OG）
E：倒装奇怪
choice a, so as to reform them目的状语，可以就近修饰的动词是prisoners be held，导致了reform的发出者变成了prisoners，逻辑上不可能是“囚犯自己改造自己”
choice b, advocate prisoners to be held， 从动词约束力来判断，advocate不足以让be held发生，应该用advocate sth / that从句
AB: them不好
DE: means for不好
advocating和who were advocating都可以，做定语
A，hold sb in a prison，拘留、监禁在监狱，不能hold sb in hard labor；
advocate可以接sth/that，还可以接动名词，如：advocate the use of violence，
advocating that prisoners be held in solitary confinement to reform them与advocate solitary confinement and hard labor as the means to reform prisoners都是对的
doing做后置定语
held in solitary confinement and held in hard labor
GMATCLUB：
(A) held in solitary confinement and held in hard labor. It is illogical to say.
(B) same error as in A
(C) as the means to reform prisoners . Logically correct use.
(D) IDIOM ERROR 'FOR THE MEANS OF'
(E) It changes the meaning . Incorrect.
MATCLUB：
(A) held in solitary confinement and held in hard labor. It is illogical to say.
(B) same error as in A
(C) as the means to reform prisoners . Logically correct use.
(D) IDIOM ERROR 'FOR THE MEANS OF'
(E) It changes the meaning . Incorrect.
As the means to V OG中有提过的正确用法，除此之外 prisoner A)them B) their更明确，选C
代词
请问e 的问题出在哪了？虽然读起来很怪
不定式和名词的区别。means后面接不定式更合理，根据未画线部分的背景得知，改造犯人的方式是还处于被维新派提出的阶段，所以提出建议的内容是还没有发生的，而as the means for prisoner reform本来应该表达一个已经存在的改造方式，显然不符合题目前提。
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A.B中代词是有指代模糊这个意思，所以不选AB吧，不知道这么理解对不对
我的理解是：A选项是被动语态，真正的hold的发出者是任何人，而so as to是表示目的的状语，这样的话，句子的意思就变成了任何人的目的都是reform prisoners，很显然不是所有人都有这个目的，A不对；B选项看句子主干，说的是reformers advocate prisoners，“提倡犯人”这个逻辑意思根本不完整，B也不对
你说的有道理，谢谢哈
不客气，相互学习
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as the means to do：作为...的目的
‘for the means of prisoner reform’ is incorrect. We can say either ‘as the means of prisoner reform’ or, less preferably, ‘for prisoner reform’. Still, ‘as the means to reform prisoners’ is the best construction of all.
D是错在for吗？
for 为了
the means of …的方法
两个连在一起翻译不通吧
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